六级冲刺备考:翻译技巧（26）
<p> 意群训练：<span word="More">More</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bird">bird</span> <span word="transport">transport</span>，<span word="either">either</span> <span word="externally">externally</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="accidental">accidental</span> <span word="attachment">attachment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seeds">seeds</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feathers">feathers</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="internally">internally</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="swallowing">swallowing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subsequent">subsequent</span> <span word="excretion">excretion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seeds">seeds</span>. 67. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="held">held</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Englands">Englands</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="before">before</span> 1763 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="dictated">dictated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="imperial">imperial</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> , <span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="expansionist">expansionist</span> <span word="militarist">militarist</span> <span word="objectives">objectives</span> , <span word="generated">generated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tensions">tensions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="ultimately">ultimately</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span> . （4+） 一个对于后来成了美国的英国殖民地的历史的长久以来的观点，认为英国在1763年以前对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益支配，而且认为一种向着更大程度帝国制度的政策上的转变为扩张主义的军事目标左右产生了最终导致美国革命的紧张气氛。 难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语 解释：主架构简单，可是主语和表语从句都不让人省心。句子的主干其实就是：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="held">held</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="that">that</span>..。但是主语<span word="A">A</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="held">held</span> <span word="view">view</span>之后却是修饰它的一个三层的定语：<span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="english">english</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>。系动词<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span>之后接的表语从句其实不止一个，其实原句是用了<span word="and">and</span>来连接两个并列的表语从句，<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="thatand">thatand</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="that">that</span>。后面的<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span>照例被省略。 意群训练：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="held">held</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Englands">Englands</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="before">before</span> 1763 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="dictated">dictated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="imperial">imperial</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> , <span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="expansionist">expansionist</span> <span word="militarist">militarist</span> <span word="objectives">objectives</span> , <span word="generated">generated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tensions">tensions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="ultimately">ultimately</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span> . 68. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="resemblance">resemblance</span> <span word="is">is</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="inclusions">inclusions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="silicates">silicates</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="garnet">garnet</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="crystallography">crystallography</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="diamond">diamond</span>； <span word="but">but</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="present">present</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="resemblance">resemblance</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="compelling">compelling</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diamonds">diamonds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inclusions">inclusions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="cogenetic">cogenetic</span>. （4） 现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。 难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语 解释：本句的句子既长，专有名词又多，从句层出不穷，故而难懂。在本句中出现的专有名词中，除了<span word="silicates">silicates</span>硅酸盐这个单词常常出现于理科文章中，需要记忆之外，其他单词阅读现场简单处理一番既可：<span word="inclusions">inclusions</span>可以猜出是被包含的物质；<span word="garnet">garnet</span>作首字母提炼叫<span word="g">g</span>:<span word="crystallography">crystallography</span>只要能从词头推出这个单词与晶体有关即可。 意群训练：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="resemblance">resemblance</span> <span word="is">is</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="inclusions">inclusions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="silicates">silicates</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="garnet">garnet</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="crystallography">crystallography</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="diamond">diamond</span>； <span word="but">but</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="present">present</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="resemblance">resemblance</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="compelling">compelling</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diamonds">diamonds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inclusions">inclusions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="cogenetic">cogenetic</span>. 69. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="radical">radical</span> <span word="critiques">critiques</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="mainstream">mainstream</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="model">model</span>，<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="critique">critique</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Divided">Divided</span> <span word="Society">Society</span>，<span word="attach">attach</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ethnic">ethnic</span> <span word="assimilation">assimilation</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="mechanically">mechanically</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="mobility">mobility</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="illuminate">illuminate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="subordination">subordination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Puerto">Puerto</span> <span word="Ricans">Ricans</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="colonial">colonial</span> <span word="minority">minority</span>. （4+） 即使是对这一主流研究模型的激进批评，诸如《分裂的社会》（<span word="Divided">Divided</span> <span word="Society">Society</span>）一书中提出的那种批判，亦将少数民族同化问题过分机构地与经济和社会移动性的因素联系起来，因此无从阐明波多黎各人作为一个殖民地少数民族的文化从属关系。 难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略、抽象词 解释：本句实际上是由<span word="and">and</span>连接的两个句子，阅读的一个难度在于，<span word="and">and</span>之后省略了<span word="they">they</span>而<span word="are">are</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> 又与前面离得太远，使读者难以找到主语。 另外，句中的固定搭配<span word="attach">attach</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="B">B</span>和<span word="illuminate">illuminate</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="D">D</span>当中的<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>，全部既长又抽象，理解起来较为困难。 意群训练：<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="radical">radical</span> <span word="critiques">critiques</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="mainstream">mainstream</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="model">model</span>，<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="critique">critique</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Divided">Divided</span> <span word="Society">Society</span>，<span word="attach">attach</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ethnic">ethnic</span> <span word="assimilation">assimilation</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="mechanically">mechanically</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="mobility">mobility</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="illuminate">illuminate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="subordination">subordination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Puerto">Puerto</span> <span word="Ricans">Ricans</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="colonial">colonial</span> <span word="minority">minority</span>.</p>
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