六级冲刺备考的翻译技巧（20）
<p> 47. <span word="Unless">Unless</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="yield">yield</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Green">Green</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="genes">genes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="legumes">legumes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="equip">equip</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="symbiosis">symbiosis</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="nitrogen">nitrogen</span> <span word="fixers">fixers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="identified">identified</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="isolated">isolated</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transfer">transfer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="gene">gene</span> <span word="complexes">complexes</span>，<span word="once">once</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="found">found</span>， <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. （4） 除非他们能取得成功，不然的话，绿色革命的产量收益将在很大程度上损失殆尽，即使豆科植物中使这些植物有条件进入到与固氮细菌共生关系的基因可被辨识出来和分离开来的话，且即使这些基因综合体（<span word="gene">gene</span> <span word="complex">complex</span>），一旦被发现之后，其移植得以成为可能的话。 难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语 解释：主句比较简单，而后面跟着的由<span word="and">and</span>连接的两个表示让步的条件状语从句就相对复杂，第一个从句是用一个修饰主语的定语从句<span word="that">that</span> <span word="equip">equip</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="symbiosis">symbiosis</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="nitrogen">nitrogen</span> <span word="fixers">fixers</span>把主谓隔开；第二个从句则运用了插入语<span word="once">once</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="found">found</span>把主谓隔开。 意群训练：<span word="Unless">Unless</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="yield">yield</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Green">Green</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="genes">genes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="legumes">legumes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="equip">equip</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="symbiosis">symbiosis</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="nitrogen">nitrogen</span> <span word="fixers">fixers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="identified">identified</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="isolated">isolated</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transfer">transfer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="gene">gene</span> <span word="complexes">complexes</span>，<span word="once">once</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="found">found</span>， <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. 48. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>（<span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="Maynard">Maynard</span> <span word="Macks">Macks</span> <span word="categories">categories</span>）<span word="is">is</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="as">as</span>-<span word="spectacle">spectacle</span>， <span word="for">for</span> <span word="readers">readers</span>，<span word="diverted">diverted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="incidents">incidents</span>，<span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="hero">hero</span> <span word="Odysseus">Odysseus</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="without">without</span>；<span word="the">the</span> <span word="tragic">tragic</span> <span word="Iliad">Iliad</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="presents">presents</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="as">as</span>-<span word="experience">experience</span>：<span word="readers">readers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="identify">identify</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Achilles">Achilles</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="motivations">motivations</span> <span word="render">render</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="likable">likable</span> <span word="hero">hero</span>. （5） 其主题〔若借鉴梅纳德。迈克（<span word="Maynard">Maynard</span> <span word="Mack">Mack</span>）的两个分类范畴的话〕是人生作为外部景象，因为读者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件分散，主要是从外部来观察其主人公奥德修斯（<span word="Odyssus">Odyssus</span>）的；然而，富于悲剧色彩的《伊利亚特》表现的则是人生作为内心体验：读者被要求与阿基琉斯（<span word="Achilles">Achilles</span>）的心灵产生共鸣，而其行为动机却致使他变作一个并非特别惹人喜爱的主人公。 （从分号后的语句推理出前面的意思） 注：<span word="hero">hero</span>:主人公；<span word="without">without</span>:外部；<span word="likable">likable</span>:有吸引力的 难句类型；复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词、熟词僻义 请思考：如果看不懂分号前的<span word="without">without</span>的意思，是否可以用合理化原则根据分号后的那句话推理出其意思？ 版解释：本句中尽管也存在一些复杂修饰和插入的内容，但是本句话之以难懂，与其说是因为这些东西的影响，倒不如说是因为用词的抽象和语义的难以理解。作为一篇文学评论型的文章，文章中充斥着一些很抽象的词汇；本句话中就有<span word="subject">subject</span>/<span word="category">category</span>/<span word="spectacle">spectacle</span>/<span word="divert">divert</span>/<span word="incident">incident</span>/<span word="hero">hero</span>/<span word="primarily">primarily</span>/<span word="without">without</span>/<span word="present">present</span>/<span word="identify">identify</span>/<span word="motivation">motivation</span>/<span word="particularly">particularly</span>/<span word="likable">likable</span>等。背过这些单词的中文释义，并不意味着在阅读中能够清楚地理解其真正含义。对于抽象词的训练方法，请参见附录中＜阅读抽象词提速法＞。这里仅解释几个对于这句话最重要的单词： <span word="hero">hero</span>:在此不是指英雄，在文学评论型的文章当中，此单词的意思是主人公。 <span word="Without">Without</span>:在此处是一个熟词僻义，意思是外部，等于<span word="outside">outside</span>。 <span word="Likable">Likable</span>:不可望文生义，它不是像什么东西的意思，而是有吸引力的意思，其同义词有<span word="pleasant">pleasant</span>或<span word="attractive">attractive</span>.本句中，对于理解全句起到最大影响的，就是能否正确理解<span word="without">without</span>这个单词，然而问题在于，如果不认识<span word="without">without</span>的熟词僻义，是否可用合理化原则根据分号后的那句话推理出其意思？根据紧跟着分别的<span word="however">however</span>，我们可以推断出分号前后的两句话说的内容截然相反，因此可以从<span word="I">I</span>戏剧的描述中推出，<span word="without">without</span>的意思应该是不去认同其主人公的内心世界。 意群训练：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>（<span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="Maynard">Maynard</span> <span word="Macks">Macks</span> <span word="categories">categories</span>）<span word="is">is</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="as">as</span>-<span word="spectacle">spectacle</span>， <span word="for">for</span> <span word="readers">readers</span>， <span word="diverted">diverted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="incidents">incidents</span>，<span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="hero">hero</span> <span word="Odysseus">Odysseus</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="without">without</span>；<span word="the">the</span> <span word="tragic">tragic</span> <span word="Iliad">Iliad</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="presents">presents</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="as">as</span>-<span word="experience">experience</span>：<span word="readers">readers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="identify">identify</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Achilles">Achilles</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="motivations">motivations</span> <span word="render">render</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="likable">likable</span> <span word="hero">hero</span>.</p>
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