六级冲刺备考的翻译技巧（1）
<p> 一、 英语长句的分析</p><p> 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: 修饰语过多; 并列成分多; 语言结构层次多。</p><p> 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:</p><p> 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。</p><p> 找出句中有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。</p><p> 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。</p><p> 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句修饰的先行词是哪一个等。</p><p> 注意插入语等其他成分。</p><p> 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。</p><p> 下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:</p><p> 例1. <span word="Behaviorists">Behaviorists</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="responses">responses</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="development">development</span>.</p><p> 分析: 该句的主语为<span word="behaviorists">behaviorists</span>, 谓语为<span word="suggest">suggest</span>, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为<span word="Behaviorist">Behaviorist</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span>-<span word="clause">clause</span> 结构。</p><p> 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为<span word="suggest">suggest</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="raised">raised</span>, <span word="are">are</span>, <span word="develop">develop</span>, <span word="experience">experience</span>等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: <span word="Behaviorist">Behaviorist</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span>-<span word="clause">clause</span> 结构为主句; <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>为定语从句, 修饰的先行词为<span word="child">child</span>; <span word="where">where</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span>为定语从句, 修饰的先行词为<span word="environment">environment</span>; <span word="which">which</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="responses">responses</span>为定语从句, 修饰的先行词为<span word="stimuli">stimuli</span>; 在<span word="suggest">suggest</span>的宾语从句中, 主语为<span word="child">child</span>, 谓语为<span word="experience">experience</span>, 宾语为<span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="development">development</span>.</p>
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