meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:51:37

六级考试中的巧妙应用

<p>  考试中的听力理解部分历来是中国学生的薄弱环节。自四、六级改革后,听力部分所占比例由原来的20%升至35%,同时,最近又多所高校以机考形式试点,意味着听力能力的培养愈加重要起来。可以说听力的好坏直接影响四、六级考试成绩。因此,本文就5<span word="W">W</span>沟通基本原理在四、六级考试中的应用进行讲解分析,希望能够对考生英语听力测试成绩的提高有所帮助。  在讲解四、六级听力的过程中,我发现,其实真正在做听力题的时候,需要的英语知识只是一层外衣,有时内在逻辑能力更加重要。这一点和国外考试中的<span word="SAT">SAT</span>和<span word="GRE">GRE</span>中的句子填空题有点像,不同是,<span word="SAT">SAT</span>和<span word="GRE">GRE</span>的单词,不会就是不会,了解了逻辑单词全不会也没用。然而,四、六级听力中的单词对于学生来说相对简单,真正的难词比例非常小,故而,其实逻辑和思维能力更加重要。  四、六级听力考试时,很多人没有办法听懂或听到所谓的关键词,或者无法把听到的内容连接成句子,怎么办?实际上,关键点在于,太过于关注听而忽略了听力考试的思维和传播本质。  听力作为一种能力讲,本身是一个传播的过程,信息的接收是一个重要的过程。远在1948年,拉斯维尔于题为《传播在社会中的结构与功能》(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Structure">Structure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Function">Function</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Communication">Communication</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Society">Society</span>)一文中首次提出了构成传播过程的五种基本要素,即著名的5<span word="W">W</span>理论。这五个<span word="W">W</span>分别是英语中五个疑问代词的第一个字母,即:  <span word="Who">Who</span> (谁)  <span word="Says">Says</span> <span word="What">What</span> (说了什么)  <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="Channel">Channel</span> (通过什么渠道)  <span word="To">To</span> <span word="Whom">Whom</span> (向谁说)  <span word="With">With</span> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="Effect">Effect</span> (有什么效果)。  听力的过程也是传播的过程,这就意味着,在听的过程,我们也需要这样的思维经历。实际上,在听的过程完全可以遵循这个脉络,从<span word="who">who</span>入手,说话人中,重要的说话信息一般在第二说话人中,他说了什么,是我们做题的重点,即所谓的关键词。通过的途径一般有两种,<span word="conversation">conversation</span>与<span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>,<span word="to">to</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> 就是我们自己,而效果的考核就是我们题目。分析至此,可以发现,即使我们空缺中间<span word="say">say</span> <span word="what">what</span> 的过程,也可以得到至少四个过程,而最后一个过程效果分析,是可以通过四、六级考题出现的。所以,我们的听力考试实际上是逆向思维的过程,即了解了效果,通过效果推测原文,再将<span word="say">say</span> <span word="what">what</span> 过程补充出来。  例题1:<span word="CET">CET</span>-6,08年6月第14题:  <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="errors">errors</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="corrected">corrected</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="mistaken">mistaken</span> <span word="herself">herself</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computing">computing</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="complex">complex</span>  <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="times">times</span>.  四个选项,分别告诉我们<span word="A">A</span>:这个错误很快会被纠正;<span word="B">B</span>:这位女士自己错了;<span word="C">C</span>:计算机体系太复杂;<span word="D">D</span>:他给这位女士打了好几次电话。显而易见,最后一个选项是在叙述过程,只有前三个选项是结果,而这三个选项都透露了一个信息,就是原文一定提到了一个错误,<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span> 在讨论错误点,而<span word="A">A</span>告诉了我们结果,我们的倾向选项应该是<span word="A">A</span>。  例题2:<span word="CET">CET</span>-6,05年1月第5题:  <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="landscape">landscape</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="architecture">architecture</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="admires">admires</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sydney">Sydney</span> <span word="Opera">Opera</span> <span word="House">House</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>.  <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shame">shame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>.  四个选项,<span word="A">A</span>:<span word="Janet">Janet</span>喜欢澳大利亚的美景;<span word="B">B</span>:<span word="Janet">Janet</span>对建筑感兴趣;<span word="C">C</span>:<span word="Janet">Janet</span>很向往悉尼歌剧院;<span word="D">D</span>:<span word="Janet">Janet</span>认为如果人们不去悉尼是一件遗憾的事、从选项中,我们很容易得知,这个对话中的主角是个叫<span word="Janet">Janet</span>的人,想要传达的信息是对悉尼的感受,那么真正表示结果的是<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>三项,同时<span word="C">C</span>刚好是<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>的交集,故而倾向选<span word="C">C</span>。</p>
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