六级考试改错技巧和注意事项
<p> 英语六级考试改错技巧和注意事项 短文改错属主观题型，要求考生在15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。 一、改错形式有以下三类: 1.错词。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词，这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。 2.缺词。在标有题号的一行的任何位置包括行首词前和行末词后缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词。 3.多词。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。 改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。 二、短文改错的命题考点： 一)上下文语义方面的错误 1.反义词。这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有:①派生反义词。如: <span word="encourage">encourage</span>-<span word="discourage">discourage</span>，<span word="load">load</span>-<span word="unload">unload</span>，<span word="satisfy">satisfy</span>-<span word="dissatisfy">dissatisfy</span>等。②互补性反义词。如: <span word="dead">dead</span>-<span word="alive">alive</span>，<span word="boy">boy</span>-<span word="girl">girl</span>，<span word="man">man</span>-<span word="woman">woman</span>，<span word="male">male</span>-<span word="female">female</span>，<span word="brother">brother</span>-<span word="sister">sister</span>，<span word="married">married</span>-<span word="single">single</span>等。③换位性反义词。如: <span word="buy">buy</span>-<span word="sell">sell</span>，<span word="give">give</span>-<span word="receive">receive</span>，<span word="lend">lend</span>-<span word="borrow">borrow</span>，<span word="husband">husband</span>-<span word="wife">wife</span>，<span word="parent">parent</span>-<span word="child">child</span>， <span word="left">left</span>-<span word="right">right</span>等。④相对性反义词。如: <span word="easy">easy</span>-<span word="hard">hard</span>，<span word="big">big</span>-<span word="small">small</span>，<span word="cold">cold</span>-<span word="hot">hot</span>，<span word="old">old</span>-<span word="young">young</span>，<span word="wide">wide</span>-<span word="narrow">narrow</span>，<span word="love">love</span>-<span word="hate">hate</span>等。⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了<span word="not">not</span>或<span word="no">no</span>，或必须添上<span word="not">not</span>或<span word="no">no</span>。 2.连接性词语。连接性词语虽属传统的语法题，但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括: ①并列连词。如: <span word="and">and</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="for">for</span>，<span word="or">or</span>等。②主从连词。这类词较多，如: <span word="because">because</span>，<span word="though">though</span>，<span word="if">if</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>，<span word="before">before</span>，<span word="after">after</span>，<span word="until">until</span>，<span word="as">as</span>，<span word="while">while</span>，<span word="whereas">whereas</span>等。③连接性副词。如: <span word="however">however</span>，<span word="moreover">moreover</span>，<span word="besides">besides</span>，<span word="nevertheless">nevertheless</span>，<span word="then">then</span>，<span word="thus">thus</span>等。④连接性介词。如: <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="despite">despite</span>，<span word="besides">besides</span>，<span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span>等。 二)用法搭配方面的错误 1.介词。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是考生最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破，考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中，请注意从以下几个方面辨认。①介词与动词的搭配。如: <span word="accuse">accuse</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="of">of</span>， <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="with">with</span>， <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="from">from</span>， <span word="prohibit">prohibit</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="from">from</span>， <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="from">from</span>， <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span>等。②介词与名词的搭配。如: <span word="count">count</span> <span word="on">on</span>，<span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="on">on</span>， <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="on">on</span>， <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="in">in</span>， <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="in">in</span>， <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="over">over</span>， <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="over">over</span>， <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="to">to</span>， <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span>等。③介词与形容词的搭配。如: <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span>， <span word="indifferent">indifferent</span> <span word="to">to</span>， <span word="dependent">dependent</span> <span word="on">on</span>， <span word="independent">independent</span> <span word="of">of</span>， <span word="guilty">guilty</span> <span word="of">of</span>， <span word="innocent">innocent</span> <span word="of">of</span>， <span word="persistent">persistent</span> <span word="in">in</span>， <span word="proficient">proficient</span> <span word="in">in</span>等。 ④由介词引起的短语。如: <span word="in">in</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="run">run</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="good">good</span>/<span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="with">with</span>，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrary">contrary</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="chance">chance</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="turns">turns</span>等。 2.成语。短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语，尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。①介词错误。如: <span word="take">take</span> <span word="pride">pride</span> <span word="for">for</span>，<span word="abide">abide</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="persist">persist</span> <span word="on">on</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="ear">ear</span> <span word="to">to</span>等。②冠词错误。如: <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>， <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span>， <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pace">pace</span> <span word="with">with</span>等。③名词单复数。如: <span word="take">take</span> <span word="turn">turn</span>， <span word="make">make</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="with">with</span>， <span word="keep">keep</span>/<span word="break">break</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="words">words</span>等。 三)动词方面的错误 这方面的错误主要涉及: 1.分词。主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如: <span word="a">a</span> <span word="puzzled">puzzled</span> <span word="questiona">questiona</span> <span word="puzzling">puzzling</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span> <span word="girlan">girlan</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> 2.系动词。 ①<span word="be">be</span>以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="meal">meal</span> <span word="smells">smells</span> <span word="badly">badly</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="meal">meal</span> <span word="smells">smells</span> <span word="bad">bad</span>. ②系动词<span word="be">be</span>在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有<span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="alive">alive</span>，<span word="aware">aware</span>，<span word="conscious">conscious</span>，<span word="guilty">guilty</span>，<span word="worth">worth</span>等。</p>
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