2014年12月英语六级翻译指导及练习（6)
<p> 汉语主动句译成英语被动句</p><p> 我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然;或强调动作承受者;或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。具体转换方法有如下两种。</p><p> 1)把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。</p><p> 例1 ____________<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span>.</p><p> 译文：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="workshop">workshop</span>.</p><p> 简评：如果这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成<span word="The">The</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="workshop">workshop</span>。正是因为题型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定的难度，你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分：<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span>显然是一个被动语态特征，秘书在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以，题目是暗示我们要把原句中你们转换成译句里的主语，这样才符合出题要求。</p><p> 例2 <span word="You">You</span> __________<span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p> 译文：<span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="organize">organize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="publicity">publicity</span> <span word="campaigns">campaigns</span>.</p><p> 简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以<span word="you">you</span>开头，也就是说你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语，这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="organize">organize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="publicity">publicity</span> <span word="campaigns">campaigns</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p>
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