考研英语长难句详解(52)
<p> 52. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="geologists">geologists</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="observations">observations</span> <span word="concerning">concerning</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="xenoliths">xenoliths</span>， <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="layered">layered</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="heterogeneity">heterogeneity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="fluids">fluids</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="incompatible">incompatible</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> (<span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="tending">tending</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="liquid">liquid</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="state">state</span>)<span word="percolating">percolating</span> <span word="upward">upward</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="transforming">transforming</span> <span word="portions">portions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="irregularly">irregularly</span>，<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vagaries">vagaries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fluids">fluids</span> <span word="pathways">pathways</span>. (4+) 但是，某些地质学家，以对地幔捕虏岩体(<span word="xenolith">xenolith</span>)所作的观察为依据，指出地幔并非是分层排列的，相反，地幔的异质性是由那些富含 不相容成分 的流质构成的，这些成分趋向于流体而非固体的状态，自下而上渗透扩散，并依照这些流质流向的任意性，不规则地将上部地幔的某些部分予以改变。</p><p> 难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语</p><p> 解释：本句的主句中有一个长插入语<span word="however">however</span>,<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="observations">observations</span> <span word="concerning">concerning</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="xenoliths">xenoliths</span>,割裂了主谓，但句子的主要难度还是在<span word="that">that</span>引导的宾语从句中，从句中有由<span word="but">but</span> 所连接的两个句子，一起延续到句末。首选是<span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="incompatible">incompatible</span> <span word="elements">elements</span>修饰<span word="fluids">fluids</span>;后面又有一个同位语和一个分词结构，都是修饰<span word="incompatible">incompatible</span> <span word="elements">elements</span>的，最后还有一个状语来修饰那个分词结构，层层修饰，比较复杂。</p><p> 意群训练：<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="geologists">geologists</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="observations">observations</span> <span word="concerning">concerning</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="xenoliths">xenoliths</span>， <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="layered">layered</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="heterogeneity">heterogeneity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="fluids">fluids</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="incompatible">incompatible</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> (<span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="tending">tending</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="liquid">liquid</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="state">state</span>)<span word="percolating">percolating</span> <span word="upward">upward</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="transforming">transforming</span> <span word="portions">portions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="mantle">mantle</span> <span word="irregularly">irregularly</span>，<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vagaries">vagaries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fluids">fluids</span> <span word="pathways">pathways</span>.</p>
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