研英翻译重难点详解：否定句(3)
<p> 英汉两种语言在表达否定的方式和手段上有很大差别。比如说，英语中否定句的否定范围具有不同的情况。因此，英语中的很多否定句都是有歧义的。在阅读时只能通过上下文来得出正确的结论，排除歧义。此外，英语中否定句的重心也是阅读中应当注意的问题。一般说来，从语法上来看，<span word="not">not</span>与谓语动词连用时，是否定谓语动词的;<span word="no">no</span>与名词连用时，是否定名词的。但是，从否定的重心来看，却并非如此。举个简单例子：<span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>.这句话就只能理解为：不要因为困难就放弃。另外，还需要注意的是，不定代词中的<span word="every">every</span>、<span word="all">all</span>、<span word="both">both</span>以及副词<span word="quite">quite</span>、<span word="always">always</span>等，与否定词结合时，不是全部否定，而是部分否定，即，不是全不是，而是不全是。以上所说的都是在阅读否定句时应当注意的问题，希望大家通过以下的例句仔细揣摩，认真体会。</p><p> 7. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="that">that</span><span word="no">no</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="eligible">eligible</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="circle">circle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Gentlemen">Gentlemen</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="retail">retail</span> <span word="trader">trader</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="considered">considered</span>.</p><p> 分析：该句的主干结构是<span word="One">One</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="notice">notice</span>。名词<span word="notice">notice</span>与其同位语从句<span word="that">that</span><span word="no">no</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="eligible">eligible</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="circle">circle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Gentlemen">Gentlemen</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="retail">retail</span> <span word="trader">trader</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="considered">considered</span>被 <span word="when">when</span>引导的状语从句分割。该句中<span word="no">no</span>所表达的否定往往转移到谓语动词上。</p>
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