研英翻译重难点详解:考研翻译
<p> 比较结构</p><p> 从语法上讲，有以下几种结构可以比较：</p><p> 1) 如果要表达人与人、事物与事物之间是相似的，就可以用<span word="as">as</span> 或是 <span word="like">like</span>。此外，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span>, <span word="neither">neither</span> / <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> 等也表示相似。</p><p> 2) 当要表达的事物之间在某一方面一样时，可用 <span word="asas">asas</span>(后接形容词或副词)和 <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> / <span word="manyas">manyas</span>(后接名词或动词)结构。</p><p> 3) 表达事物之间差别的结构可采用 <span word="more">more</span> 或 <span word="less">less</span> ，后可接形容词、副词、动词或名词。但要注意的是 <span word="morethan">morethan</span> 还可译作与其说，不如说，在这种结构里，<span word="more">more</span> + 形容词(或副词)并不构成比较结构。另外还要注意的是，在 <span word="morethan">morethan</span> 以后的英语虽然是肯定的，但译成中文必须是否定的。</p><p> 实际上，英语的比较结构比较复杂，阅读时应注意英汉两种语言在表达上的差异。</p><p> 1. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="noted">noted</span> <span word="underwater">underwater</span> <span word="explorer">explorer</span>, <span word="describing">describing</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>-<span word="life">life</span> <span word="cycles">cycles</span> <span word="ultimately">ultimately</span> <span word="threatened">threatened</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="terrestrial">terrestrial</span> <span word="respiration">respiration</span>.</p><p> 分析：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>是主语从句，它与<span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span>从句相比较。这里把从海洋中获取资源和向海洋倾倒生活和工业垃圾造成严重的污染后果进行比较。否定词在<span word="as">as</span> 从句的比较结构中常见，但是在 <span word="notas">notas</span> <span word="as">as</span>结构中只否定前面的部分，后面的部分表示肯定。本句中为了强调<span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="it">it</span>，翻译时前置，并使用了肯定语气。</p>
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