考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之定语从句
<p> 一篇文章的意义不在于材料本身，而是在于读者与材料不断交流活动的结果。考研大纲阅读理解部分对考生规定的六种能力的要求，主要测试考生对语篇的理解和把握作者意图的推理过程，那么我们如何在规定的时间内更深、更准确地理解一篇阅读材料呢?以及在英译汉中更进一步地把句子译的更趋完美呢?这就要求我们能够对材料或英译汉中一些难句进行系统的剖析和理解。本节是为硕士研究生编写的特色备考篇章，其特色就是通过对英语篇章中的难句进行剖析，最终达到深刻理解和完美翻译的目的。下面从定语从句、倒装句、分割结构、省略法、并列平行结构、同位语、分词作状语、否定句、比较结构、<span word="it">it</span>的用法及词义的正确选择等方面分别进行阐述。</p><p> 一、定语从句</p><p> 定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。</p><p> 例1<span word="The">The</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="requirement">requirement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="spoiled">spoiled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fortunes">fortunes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="energetic">energetic</span> <span word="founders">founders</span>.</p>
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