考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之倒装句
<p> 倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。</p><p> 倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装。如<span word="Thenbegan">Thenbegan</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bitter">bitter</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>.于是两国之间开始了恶战。</p><p> 只将助动词移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。如<span word="At">At</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="entrance">entrance</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="unguarded">unguarded</span>.入口无时无人把守。</p><p> 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。</p><p> 例1<span word="Among">Among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advantages">advantages</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="biochips">biochips</span>, <span word="orliving">orliving</span> <span word="computers">computers</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="semiconductor">semiconductor</span> <span word="chips">chips</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="heat">heat</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parallel">parallel</span> <span word="processing">processing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="information">information</span>, <span word="making">making</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="today">today</span>?<span word="s">s</span> <span word="semiconductor">semiconductor</span> <span word="devices">devices</span>.</p><p> 分析：这是一个倒装句。主语是以<span word="that">that</span>引导的三个并列句：<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span>, <span word="theydo">theydo</span>:<span word="heat">heat</span>和<span word="they">they</span> <span word="allow">allow</span>:<span word="information">information</span>,谓语动词是<span word="are">are</span>, <span word="among">among</span>:<span word="chips">chips</span>是表语。<span word="that">that</span> <span word="future">future</span>:<span word="chips">chips</span>是<span word="advantages">advantages</span>的定语从句。介词<span word="over">over</span>是<span word="advantages">advantages</span>所要求的。<span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="heat">heat</span>是与<span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="semiconductor">semiconductor</span> <span word="chips">chips</span>比较而言的。<span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="for">for</span>意为可以供之用。<span word="making">making</span>:<span word="devices">devices</span>修饰主语中的第三个句子，与前面两个无关。该句的翻译可采用两种方法：<span word="are">are</span>前面的部分用逆序法，后面的部分用顺序法。</p>
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