英语翻译训练方法之——误译、漏译、词不达意
<p> 一、误译、漏译：望文生义还是随心所欲?</p><p> 众所周知，翻译中的失误在所难免，其原因是多方面的。而遗漏则不然，或因译者疏忽，无意间漏掉该译而没译的内容，或因译者偷懒，随意大刀阔斧地砍掉难啃的骨头。无论误译还是漏泽，均会大大影响译文的质量，试析下面这些译文。</p><p> 1. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="murk">murk</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="technologies">technologies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="principles">principles</span> <span word="underlying">underlying</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="Once">Once</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="extend">extend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Second">Second</span> <span word="Wave">Wave</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="base">base</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="it">it</span>; <span word="while">while</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="principles">principles</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="radical">radical</span> <span word="clarification">clarification</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="entire">entire</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>1:澄清混乱的一个方法是，找出各种技术问题和政策背后的原则。我们就会发现，某些建议正如我们所知，是用以维持或者延长第二次浪潮的，而另外一些建议则是以新的原则为出发点的。</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>2：从混乱中解脱出来的一个办法是，找出构成各种技术总是和政策的基础。一旦这样做了，我们就会发现，某些建议正如我们所知，是用以维持或者延长第二次浪潮能源基础的，而另外的一些建议则是基于新的原则之上的。</p><p> 分析：<span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="murkA">murkA</span>1、<span word="A">A</span>2分别译为澄清混乱和从混乱中解脱出来，其实作者是用隐喻(<span word="metaphor">metaphor</span>)的手法暗示能源前景之暗淡。对于<span word="look">look</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span>|理解，<span word="A">A</span>1望文生义，将<span word="beyond">beyond</span>译为背后，<span word="A">A</span>2则干脆抛开原文，自作主张地译为找出的基础，稍加分析，我们不难发现，这一不定式表语可简化为这样的一种结构：<span word="look">look</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="something">something</span>，即透过某物而看到另一物。此外，<span word="A">A</span>1、<span word="A">A</span>2都漏译了本段末句。</p>
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