英语翻译训练方法之——谈谈英语定语从句的汉译
<p> 英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。</p><p> 一、限制性定语从句</p><p> 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。</p><p> (一)定语词组</p><p> ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="lamp">lamp</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="guided">guided</span>.我只有一盏指路明灯。</p><p> ②<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="railroad">railroad</span> <span word="yards">yards</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span> <span word="array">array</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="vessels">vessels</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span>.火车站广大的场地，河里鳞次梯比的船只，她也同样不能理解。</p><p> ③<span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="round">round</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="seeking">seeking</span>,<span word="let">let</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sphare">sphare</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lie">lie</span>.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈，先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。</p><p> ④<span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="thread">thread</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="bound">bound</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="lightly">lightly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="girlhood">girlhood</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="irretrievably">irretrievably</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> 而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝，不得不就此断绝了。</p><p> 翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加的字，放在被修饰项之前。当然，也可视其情况不用的字，如①和②。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。</p>
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