第1831期阅读理解附答案
<p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="asglobal">asglobal</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="discuss">discuss</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>: <span word="too">too</span> <span word="manypeople">manypeople</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="indispute">indispute</span>, <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="likened">likened</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span>, <span word="thin">thin</span> <span word="powder">powder</span> <span word="fuse">fuse</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="burns">burns</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="haltingly">haltingly</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="itfinally">itfinally</span> <span word="reaches">reaches</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="explodes">explodes</span>.</p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="population">population</span>,<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="trends">trends</span>. <span word="Rapid">Rapid</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comparativelyrecent">comparativelyrecent</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span>. <span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> 8,000 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="virtually">virtually</span> <span word="stable">stable</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="Formost">Formost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span>, <span word="life">life</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="often">often</span> <span word="nasty">nasty</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="short">short</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="places">places</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="balanced">balanced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="mortality">mortality</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="wasseldom">wasseldom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="infancy">infancy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span> <span word="wereespecially">wereespecially</span> <span word="risky">risky</span> <span word="periods">periods</span>. <span word="Often">Often</span>, <span word="societies">societies</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="danger">danger</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="ratescould">ratescould</span> <span word="exceed">exceed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="birthrates">birthrates</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="washow">washow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="race">race</span>.</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="notice">notice</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rapidincrease">rapidincrease</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="enthusiasm">enthusiasm</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="children">children</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="traditionally">traditionally</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="mortality">mortality</span>.</p>
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