第1801期阅读理解附答案
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> 12 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="peacetime">peacetime</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="country">country</span><span word="from">from</span> 82 <span word="to">to</span> 110 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="between">between</span> 1973 <span word="and">and</span> 1985<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="entire">entire</span> <span word="growth">growth</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="no">no</span><span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span></p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="indeed">indeed</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="pronounced">pronounced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> 25 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="n">n</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="farming">farming</span><span word="at">at</span> <span word="most">most</span>, 10 <span word="percent">percent</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="employs">employs</span> <span word="around">around</span> 18 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="industries">industries</span>. <span word="By">By</span> 2010, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 12 <span word="million">million</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="industries">industries</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="sharper">sharper</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="unrealistic">unrealistic</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="automobile">automobile</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="force">force</span> 25 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="hence">hence</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> 50 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>.</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="company">company</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="sharply">sharply</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="sharply">sharply</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="force">force</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span><span word="or">or</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="developed">developed</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="preserve">preserve</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="blue">blue</span><span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="prescription">prescription</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span></p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="politicians">politicians</span>, <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="accept">accept</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="confuses">confuses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="experiencing">experiencing</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="shifts">shifts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="acceleration">acceleration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="substitution">substitution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="manual">manual</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>. <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mechanization">mechanization</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="robotization">robotization</span><span word="or">or</span> <span word="automation">automation</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="terminology">terminology</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="Ford">Ford</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assembly">assembly</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1909, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="man">man</span><span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="some">some</span> 80 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="expects">expects</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="robotization">robotization</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="doubt">doubt</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="facing">facing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span>, <span word="sharp">sharp</span> <span word="acceleration">acceleration</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="replacement">replacement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="manual">manual</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>.</p>
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