第1798期阅读理解附答案
<p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="units">units</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="interact">interact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="administered">administered</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="system">system</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="units">units</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="interact">interact</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marketplace">marketplace</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="units">units</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="market">market</span>, <span word="transactions">transactions</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="barter">barter</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="barter">barter</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>, <span word="real">real</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="automobiles">automobiles</span>, <span word="shoes">shoes</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rice">rice</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="traded">traded</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>. <span word="Obviously">Obviously</span>, <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="somebody">somebody</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sail">sail</span>-<span word="boat">boat</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="task">task</span>. <span word="Hence">Hence</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="introduction">introduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medium">medium</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="eases">eases</span> <span word="transactions">transactions</span> <span word="considerably">considerably</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> ? <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="money">money</span>.</p><p> <span word="An">An</span> <span word="alternative">alternative</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="administrative">administrative</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="agency">agency</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="transactions">transactions</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="agency">agency</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="commands">commands</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="service">service</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="produced">produced</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consumed">consumed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="unit">unit</span>. <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>, <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amounts">amounts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="households">households</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="production">production</span>, <span word="consumption">consumption</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="production">production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="governed">governed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span>; <span word="every">every</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="fatherhood">fatherhood</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="motherhood">motherhood</span>, <span word="religion">religion</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="custom">custom</span>. <span word="Transactions">Transactions</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span>, <span word="too">too</span>.</p>
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