2013年6月英语六级考试备考深度阅读试题模拟与解析（5）
<p> 2013年6月英语六级考试备考深度阅读试题模拟与解析(5)</p><p> <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="eminent">eminent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span>, <span word="Clark">Clark</span> <span word="Hull">Hull</span>, <span word="claimed">claimed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="essence">essence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="segments">segments</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="never">never</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="before">before</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>.</p><p> <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="followers">followers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Clark">Clark</span> <span word="Hull">Hull</span>, <span word="Howard">Howard</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Tracey">Tracey</span> <span word="Kendler">Kendler</span>, <span word="devised">devised</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="explicitly">explicitly</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Hullls">Hullls</span> <span word="principles">principles</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="toy">toy</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="sequence">sequence</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="separately">separately</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="stages">stages</span> <span word="consisted">consisted</span> <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pressing">pressing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="correct">correct</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buttons">buttons</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="marble">marble</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="inserting">inserting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marble">marble</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="hole">hole</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="release">release</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toy">toy</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Kendlers">Kendlers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="bits">bits</span> <span word="readily">readily</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="integrate">integrate</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="press">press</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="button">button</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marble">marble</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="proceed">proceed</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marble">marble</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toy">toy</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Kendlers">Kendlers</span> <span word="concluded">concluded</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="incapable">incapable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="deductive">deductive</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mystery">mystery</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deepen">deepen</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="anther">anther</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span>, <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Cole">Cole</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="adults">adults</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="apparently">apparently</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Kendlers">Kendlers</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="either">either</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="lessens">lessens</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="devised">devised</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="strictly">strictly</span> <span word="analogous">analogous</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Kendlers">Kendlers</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="males">males</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="handle">handle</span>. <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="button">button</span>-<span word="pressing">pressing</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>, <span word="Cole">Cole</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="locked">locked</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="differently">differently</span> <span word="colored">colored</span> <span word="match">match</span>-<span word="boxes">boxes</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="contained">contained</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span>. <span word="Notice">Notice</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="segments">segments</span>--<span word="open">open</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="match">match</span>-<span word="box">box</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span>---<span word="so">so</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="formally">formally</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="psychologically">psychologically</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="different">different</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dealing">dealing</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="meaningful">meaningful</span> <span word="objects">objects</span>: <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="turns">turns</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="integration">integration</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span>.</p>
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