2012年12月暑期英语六级备考阅读每日一练 0828
<p> (<span word="Unit">Unit</span> 5,<span word="Passage">Passage</span> 1)</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="controversy">controversy</span> <span word="erupted">erupted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1998 <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprinting">fingerprinting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="investigations">investigations</span>. <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprinting">fingerprinting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1987 <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="identify">identify</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="molecule">molecule</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="genes">genes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span>. <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>. <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprinting">fingerprinting</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="paternity">paternity</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="is">is</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="investigations">investigations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprinting">fingerprinting</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="potentially">potentially</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="controversial">controversial</span> <span word="uses">uses</span>.</p><p> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprinting">fingerprinting</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="revolutionized">revolutionized</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="investigations">investigations</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="investigators">investigators</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tools">tools</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="trove">trove</span> <span word="guilt">guilt</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="establish">establish</span> <span word="innocence">innocence</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="investigations">investigations</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprint">fingerprint</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suspect">suspect</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprint">fingerprint</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="obtained">obtained</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="hairs">hairs</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scene">scene</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="crime">crime</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="samples">samples</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="convict">convict</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suspect">suspect</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="controversy">controversy</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1998 <span word="stemmed">stemmed</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="December">December</span> 1991 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="geneticists">geneticists</span> <span word="Richard">Richard</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Lewontin">Lewontin</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Cambridge">Cambridge</span>, <span word="Mass">Mass</span>., <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Daniel">Daniel</span> <span word="L">L</span>. <span word="Hartl">Hartl</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="fingerprints">fingerprints</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="occur">occur</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="properly">properly</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="likelihood">likelihood</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="samples">samples</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="ethnic">ethnic</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="Lewontin">Lewontin</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Hartl">Hartl</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="surveys">surveys</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="adequate">adequate</span>.</p>
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