Sensory Evaluation of Food 阅读练习与讲义
<p> 阅读理解 <span word="Exploration">Exploration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Titanic">Titanic</span></p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Polish">Polish</span> <span word="proverb">proverb</span> <span word="claims">claims</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fish">fish</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="taste">taste</span> <span word="right">right</span>, <span word="should">should</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="timesin">timesin</span> <span word="water">water</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="butter">butter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="wine">wine</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="preparation">preparation</span>, <span word="preservation">preservation</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="safe">safe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="nutritious">nutritious</span> <span word="food">food</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="memories">memories</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="foodstuffs">foodstuffs</span> <span word="eaten">eaten</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="II">II</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="although">although</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="safe">safe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="nutritious">nutritious</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="taste">taste</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="appetizing">appetizing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="neglect">neglect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sensory">sensory</span> <span word="appeal">appeal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="happily">happily</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>. <span word="Bow">Bow</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="Principles">Principles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sensory">Sensory</span> <span word="Evaluation">Evaluation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Food">Food</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="technologists">technologists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="engaged">engaged</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sensory">sensory</span> <span word="evaluation">evaluation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="foods">foods</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="collect">collect</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="information">information</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="references">references</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="quoted">quoted</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="sight">sight</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exhaustive">exhaustive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="critically">critically</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="review">review</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="literature">literature</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="achievement">achievement</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="suggestions">suggestions</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="discursive">discursive</span> <span word="passages">passages</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="crisply">crisply</span> <span word="provocative">provocative</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="findings">findings</span>.</p><p> <span word="Of">Of</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weight">weight</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="aspects">aspects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="perception">perception</span>, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="objectively">objectively</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subjectively">subjectively</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="relation">relation</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="covered">covered</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="disadvantages">disadvantages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Weber">Weber</span> <span word="fraction">fraction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="differences">differences</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="spite">spite</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="attempts">attempts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="define">define</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modalities">modalities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="taste">taste</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="classification">classification</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="sweet">sweet</span>, <span word="sour">sour</span> <span word="salty">salty</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bitter">bitter</span>. <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="clear">clear</span>-<span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="physiological">physiological</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="taste">taste</span> <span word="stimulus">stimulus</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="regard">regard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>, <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="classification">classification</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extraordinary">extraordinary</span> <span word="sensitivity">sensitivity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nose">nose</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stimulus">stimulus</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="subjective">subjective</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="classification">classification</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span>, <span word="shape">shape</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="status">status</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="molecule">molecule</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="merits">merits</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="investigation">investigation</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theoretical">theoretical</span> <span word="proposition">proposition</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="weak">weak</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="binding">binding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stimulant">stimulant</span> <span word="molecule">molecule</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="receptor">receptor</span> <span word="site">site</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stimulation">stimulation</span>.</p>
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