2013年12月英语六级选词填空的习题及答案6
<p> 点击查看：</p><p> <span word="Psychologists">Psychologists</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="opposing">opposing</span> <span word="views">views</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="external">external</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="praise">praise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="cash">cash</span>, <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="motivation">motivation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>. <span word="Behaviorists">Behaviorists</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relation">relation</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="actions">actions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>, <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="can">can</span> __1__ <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="school">school</span>. <span word="Cognitive">Cognitive</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="aspects">aspects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="destroy">destroy</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="dependence">dependence</span> <span word="on">on</span> __2__ <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gifts">gifts</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="others">others</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gained">gained</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="supporters">supporters</span>, __3__ <span word="among">among</span> <span word="educators">educators</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="small">small</span> __4__ <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="grade">grade</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="children">children</span>, <span word="suggesting">suggesting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="properly">properly</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="inducements">inducements</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> __5__<span word="inventiveness">inventiveness</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="June">June</span> <span word="Journal">Journal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Personality">Personality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="Psychology">Psychology</span>.</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="theyre">theyre</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reward">reward</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> __6__ <span word="task">task</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Robert">Robert</span> <span word="Eisenberger">Eisenberger</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Delaware">Delaware</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Newark">Newark</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> __7__ <span word="creativity">creativity</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="creating">creating</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="anticipation">anticipation</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="continually">continually</span> <span word="draws">draws</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="grades">grades</span> <span word="for">for</span> __8__ <span word="achievement">achievement</span> <span word="ends">ends</span> <span word="uPwith">uPwith</span> <span word="uninspired">uninspired</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="Eisenberger">Eisenberger</span> <span word="holds">holds</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="point">point</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="notes">notes</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tighten">tighten</span> <span word="grading">grading</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="and">and</span> __9__ <span word="failing">failing</span> <span word="grades">grades</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="grades">grades</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="so">so</span>-<span word="called">called</span> <span word="token">token</span> <span word="economies">economies</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="handle">handle</span> <span word="challenging">challenging</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="performance">performance</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="points">points</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ward">ward</span> <span word="valued">valued</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span>, <span word="shows">shows</span> __10__ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="raising">raising</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Delaware">Delaware</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span> <span word="claims">claims</span>.</p>
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