六级经典的阅读8
<p> <span word="Passage">Passage</span> 1</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="inevitable">inevitable</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>`<span word="s">s</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="writers">writers</span>. <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="considering">considering</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="question">question</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="introduce">introduce</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="concepts">concepts</span>. <span word="Conflict">Conflict</span>， <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="opposition">opposition</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="entities">entities</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>， <span word="is">is</span> <span word="distinguished">distinguished</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>， <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="opposition">opposition</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="entities">entities</span> <span word="independently">independently</span> <span word="striving">striving</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="inadequate">inadequate</span> <span word="supply">supply</span>. <span word="Competitors">Competitors</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="aware">aware</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>， <span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parties">parties</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="are">are</span>. <span word="Conflict">Conflict</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="categories">categories</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opposition">opposition</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="entities">entities</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="disservice">disservice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="Opposition">Opposition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="contrasted">contrasted</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="cooperation">cooperation</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="entities">entities</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="service">service</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="definitions">definitions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="emphasize">emphasize</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="inevitable">inevitable</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="resources">resources</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span>. <span word="Conflict">Conflict</span>， <span word="nevertheless">nevertheless</span>， <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="desirable">desirable</span> <span word="element">element</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="societies">societies</span>.</p><p> <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="inevitability">inevitability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="premise">premise</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="species">species</span>， <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fittest">fittest</span> <span word="survive">survive</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="general">general</span>， <span word="however">however</span>， <span word="this">this</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>， <span word="not">not</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span>. <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>， <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cattle">cattle</span>， <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="win">win</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="leadership">leadership</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="fights">fights</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="feeding">feeding</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="occupancy">occupancy</span>(占有)<span word="of">of</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="meat">meat</span>-<span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>. <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="starve">starve</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="victims">victims</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="species">species</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="resemble">resemble</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="war">war</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="necessities">necessities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="insufficient">insufficient</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="satisfy">satisfy</span> <span word="all">all</span>.</p>
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