英语六级阅读专项：王长喜六级考试标准阅读(3)
<p> 第九篇：</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="discuss">discuss</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>： <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span>， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="likened">likened</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span>， <span word="thin">thin</span> <span word="powder">powder</span> <span word="fuse">fuse</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="burns">burns</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="haltingly">haltingly</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="finally">finally</span> <span word="reaches">reaches</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="explodes">explodes</span>.</p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="population">population</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="trends">trends</span>. <span word="Rapid">Rapid</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comparatively">comparatively</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span>. <span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> 8，000 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="history">history</span>， <span word="we">we</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="populations">populations</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="virtually">virtually</span> <span word="stable">stable</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span>， <span word="life">life</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>， <span word="often">often</span> <span word="nasty">nasty</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="short">short</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="places">places</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="balanced">balanced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="mortality">mortality</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="history">history</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seldom">seldom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>， <span word="while">while</span> <span word="infancy">infancy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="risky">risky</span> <span word="periods">periods</span>. <span word="Often">Often</span>， <span word="societies">societies</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="danger">danger</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="exceed">exceed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="birthrates">birthrates</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="race">race</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="notice">notice</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="enthusiasm">enthusiasm</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="children">children</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="traditionally">traditionally</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="mortality">mortality</span>. <span word="Demographic">Demographic</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="periods">periods</span>： <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="long">long</span>， <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="extended">extended</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="about">about</span> 8，000 <span word="BC">BC</span>.<span word="till">till</span> <span word="approximately">approximately</span> <span word="AD">AD</span>. 1650. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="some">some</span> 9600 <span word="years">years</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="some">some</span> 8 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="to">to</span> 500 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1650. <span word="Between">Between</span> 1650 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="from">from</span> 500 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 4 <span word="billion">billion</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> 2000 <span word="there">there</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> 6.2 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="appreciate">appreciate</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="abstract">abstract</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="frame">frame</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="manageable">manageable</span>. <span word="Between">Between</span> 8000<span word="BC">BC</span> <span word="and">and</span> 1650， <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="only">only</span> 50，000 <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="annually">annually</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="present">present</span>， <span word="this">this</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> 80，000，000 <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="annually">annually</span>.</p>
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