六级经典的阅读5
<p> <span word="Passage">Passage</span> 1</p><p> <span word="Automation">Automation</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="introduction">introduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="automatic">automatic</span> <span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="reduces">reduces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>， <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="physical">physical</span>， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="production">production</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manufacture">manufacture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Second">Second</span> <span word="Industrial">Industrial</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span>.</p><p> <span word="Labours">Labours</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="arises">arises</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="uncertainty">uncertainty</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fears">fears</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span>， <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="resistance">resistance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unfruitful">unfruitful</span>. <span word="Eventually">Eventually</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>， <span word="since">since</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="industries">industries</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span>， <span word="maintaining">maintaining</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="repairing">repairing</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bringing">bringing</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transition">transition</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="minimum">minimum</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="inconvenience">inconvenience</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distress">distress</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="involved">involved</span>. <span word="Also">Also</span>， <span word="union">union</span> <span word="spokesmen">spokesmen</span> <span word="emphasize">emphasize</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="wages">wages</span>， <span word="more">more</span> <span word="leisure">leisure</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="standards">standards</span>.</p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="era">era</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="automation">automation</span>， <span word="unions">unions</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="adopted">adopted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="policies">policies</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="promotion">promotion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="supplementary">supplementary</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="plans">plans</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="emphasized">emphasized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="employer">employer</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="preventing">preventing</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span>， <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="installations">installations</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="assignments">assignments</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="unions">unions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="dismissal">dismissal</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="agreements">agreements</span>， <span word="requiring">requiring</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="permanently">permanently</span> <span word="dismissed">dismissed</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sum">sum</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="length">length</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="service">service</span> . <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ides">ides</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="factor">factor</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="wage">wage</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>， <span word="however">however</span>， <span word="that">that</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="reduction">reduction</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="gain">gain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="automation">automation</span>.</p>
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