英语六级四十天的突破讲义与笔记4
<p> [<span word="Page">Page</span>80]</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="uniquely">uniquely</span> <span word="vulnerable">vulnerable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="defenses">defenses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="too">too</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="behavioral">behavioral</span> <span word="immunologist">immunologist</span> <span word="Mark">Mark</span> <span word="Laudenslger">Laudenslger</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Denver">Denver</span>, <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="mild">mild</span> <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="shocks">shocks</span> <span word="to">to</span> 24 <span word="rats">rats</span>. <span word="Half">Half</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="enclosure">enclosure</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="mot">mot</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rats">rats</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="paired">paired</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="rat">rat</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="protected">protected</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="helpless">helpless</span> <span word="partner">partner</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shock">shock</span>. <span word="Laudenslager">Laudenslager</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="depressed">depressed</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="helpless">helpless</span> <span word="rats">rats</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="believes">believes</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="event">event</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="weakens">weakens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="system">system</span>.</p><p> 注：1. <span word="vulnerable">vulnerable</span>易受伤害的</p><p> 2. <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="defense">defense</span> 免疫系统</p><p> 3. <span word="found">found</span>之后是试验告诉我们的观点</p><p> 4. <span word="depress">depress</span>压抑，<span word="de">de</span>往下</p><p> <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="agree">agree</span>. <span word="Jay">Jay</span> <span word="Weiss">Weiss</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Duke">Duke</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Medicine">Medicine</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="unpleasant">unpleasant</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="disturbances">disturbances</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stressed">stressed</span> <span word="rats">rats</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="confronted">confronted</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="over">over</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="behave">behave</span> <span word="passively">passively</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="faced">faced</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="experiences">experiences</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="control">control</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="reinforce">reinforce</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="suspicions">suspicions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="helplessness">helplessness</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="depression">depression</span>.</p>
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