大学英语六级阅读的过关技巧之五四三原则
<p> 读懂阅读中长短句的主要原理就是准确快速得提取出句子的主干，这样不仅能加快阅读速度，而且能够准确的理解句子的意思。 举例：<span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="deployed">deployed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="WhiteHouse">WhiteHouse</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="site">site</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="message">message</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="PresidentBush">PresidentBush</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="navigate">navigate</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="nine">nine</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="pages">pages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fill">fill</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="starts">starts</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="message">message</span> <span word="sender">sender</span> <span word="supports">supports</span> <span word="WhiteHouse">WhiteHouse</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="differs">differs</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 分析技巧如下：在长难句中象以介词短语开头的这部分可以先不理会，重要的是找出句子主的干，在这句话中可以提取主干为：<span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="navigate">navigate</span> <span word="nine">nine</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="pages">pages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fill">fill</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="form">form</span>.主干意思都能很容易理解，然后再把细节（比如定语）添加上。如果你看到这个句子后一个词接一个词的翻译，会大大影响理解的速度，可能会出现读了很长时间但还是弄不清楚这个句子到底说的什么情况。另外象长句子中常见的诸如过去分词形式的词比如 <span word="deployed">deployed</span>，<span word="detailed">detailed</span>，这2个词虽然形式一样但是在句中的功能却截然不同，<span word="deployed">deployed</span>是过去分词做后置定语修饰<span word="system">system</span>，而第二个<span word="detailed">detailed</span>却是起着形容词的作用，即过去分词形式的形容词修饰<span word="form">form</span>.我经过阅读大量的文章发现，象这种形式的词在句子中一般就这2种作用：一是过去分词前无谓语动词，过去分词直接跟在名词后面，这种词起后置定语作用，二是过去分词位于名词之前，这种情况下就起着形容词的作用。所以以后在碰到这样的词不用发愁不知道它在句子中到底有什么用，只要按上面2种思路考虑，一般都能准确地判断出词在句子中的意思。 句子大意：因为上周白宫网站首次设置了一个网上系统，那些想发信息给总统的人们必须浏览多达至九个网页的内容，还要填一份详细的表格，而这个表格的第一个问题就是信息发送者的白宫的政策是支持还是反对。 再看下面一个例子：<span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="investigations">investigations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="media">media</span> <span word="coverage">coverage</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="infallible">infallible</span>.在理解这个句子时一定要抓住句子的核心<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span>句型，在这个句子中它引导结果状语从句，在口语中这个<span word="that">that</span>可以省略。第二个<span word="that">that</span>则是引导名词性从句。 句子大意：<span word="DNA">DNA</span>鉴定这种技术在犯罪调查中已经得到如此成功的运用，以至于媒体对它的报道使公众深信<span word="DNA">DNA</span>鉴定是绝对可靠的。 另外留2个题目供大家参考练习（要求在最短的时间内找出句子的主干）： 1. <span word="Any">Any</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="than">than</span> 300 <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fails">fails</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="minimum">minimum</span> <span word="hiring">hiring</span> <span word="standard">standard</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="penalty">penalty</span> <span word="of">of</span> 50000 <span word="Yen">Yen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unfilled">unfilled</span> <span word="positions">positions</span>. 2. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lifes">lifes</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="solved">solved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="members">members</span>，<span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="capability">capability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extended">extended</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="resolve">resolve</span>. 3. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="elaborately">elaborately</span> <span word="representational">representational</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sake">sake</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="illustrating">illustrating</span> <span word="anecdote">anecdote</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="painters">painters</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="examined">examined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lght">lght</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="visual">visual</span> <span word="perception">perception</span>. </p>
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