读与学
<p> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span> <span word="Education">Education</span> <span word="Learning">Learning</span> <span word="difficulties">difficulties</span></p><p> 科技 教育 学习的难处</p><p> <span word="Making">Making</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="remembered">remembered</span></p><p> 读起来费劲记起来就容易</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="PARADOX">PARADOX</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="presenting">presenting</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>.</p><p> 关于教学有个看似矛盾之处：用一种看起来简单的方式呈现信息通常会适得其反。</p><p> <span word="Numerous">Numerous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>.</p><p> 大量研究已表明，如果能迫使人们费一番力气去考虑他所看到的东西，那么他记忆的效果就会更好。所以，有哪些方法能让人们去费这个力气值得关注。</p><p> <span word="And">And</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Cognition">Cognition</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Daniel">Daniel</span> <span word="Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</span>, <span word="apsychologist">apsychologist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Princeton">Princeton</span> <span word="University">University</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span>, <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="one">one</span>: <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="conveying">conveying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span>.</p><p> 由普林斯顿大学心理学家，丹尼尔 奥本海默及其同事们共同完成的一项研究结果即将发表在《认知》杂志上，提出了一种很简单的方法：让传达信息的文本读起来更费劲一些。</p><p> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</span> <span word="recruited">recruited</span> 28 <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="aged">aged</span> <span word="between">between</span> 18 <span word="and">and</span> 40 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="descriptions">descriptions</span>, <span word="about">about</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extraterrestrial">extraterrestrial</span> <span word="alien">alien</span>, <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="features">features</span>.</p>
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