英语六级考试备考阅读美文(八)
<p> <span word="Mimicry">Mimicry</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Plants">Plants</span></p><p> <span word="Plant">Plant</span> <span word="adaptations">adaptations</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="remarkably">remarkably</span> <span word="complex">complex</span>. <span word="Certain">Certain</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="orchids">orchids</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="imitate">imitate</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="bees">bees</span>, <span word="other">other</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="smell">smell</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stones">stones</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="adaptations">adaptations</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="represent">represent</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sophisticated">sophisticated</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="enhance">enhance</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="chances">chances</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="survival">survival</span>. <span word="Mimicry">Mimicry</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="system">system</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="model">model</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animal">animal</span>, <span word="plant">plant</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="substrate">substrate</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="initiated">initiated</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mimic">mimic</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organism">organism</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="imitates">imitates</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="model">model</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="signal">signal</span> <span word="receiver">receiver</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="dupe">dupe</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="distinguish">distinguish</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mimic">mimic</span>. <span word="Mimetic">Mimetic</span> <span word="traits">traits</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="morphological">morphological</span> <span word="structures">structures</span>, <span word="color">color</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span>, <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="attributes">attributes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mimic">mimic</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="resemblance">resemblance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="model">model</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unrelated">unrelated</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="inanimate">inanimate</span> <span word="object">object</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="background">background</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="organism">organism</span> <span word="spends">spends</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="time">time</span>. <span word="Mimicry">Mimicry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>; <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="deliberately">deliberately</span> <span word="trick">trick</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="deceive">deceive</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="visiting">visiting</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="Mimicry">Mimicry</span> <span word="arises">arises</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="selection">selection</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="occurrence">occurrence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="random">random</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="mutations">mutations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="generations">generations</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="favorable">favorable</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="traits">traits</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="camouflage">camouflage</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plant">plant</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="survival">survival</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="camouflaged">camouflaged</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plant">plant</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="descendants">descendants</span>, <span word="thereby">thereby</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="generation">generation</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="selection">selection</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="favor">favor</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mimicry">mimicry</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mimicry">mimicry</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="derive">derive</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reproductive">reproductive</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="modeling">modeling</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="organism">organism</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="object">object</span>: <span word="its">its</span> <span word="fitness">fitness</span>, <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="offspring">offspring</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="generation">generation</span>, <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="deception">deception</span>.</p>
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