六级冲刺练习：阅读（105）
<p> <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="program">program</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="college">college</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>. <span word="Graduate">Graduate</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="literature">literature</span>, <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="granted">granted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="arts">arts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="one">one</span>- <span word="or">or</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="masters">masters</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> , <span word="and">and</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="lasting">lasting</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Philosophy">Philosophy</span> . <span word="A">A</span> <span word="candidate">candidate</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="must">must</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="field">field</span>, <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="oral">oral</span> <span word="examinations">examinations</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="thesis">thesis</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="research">research</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="postdoctoral">postdoctoral</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="extend">extend</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.</p><p> <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="law">law</span>, <span word="medicine">medicine</span>, <span word="engineering">engineering</span>, <span word="architecture">architecture</span>, <span word="social">social</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="business">business</span>, <span word="library">library</span> <span word="science">science</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="education">education</span>. <span word="Professional">Professional</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="admission">admission</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lengths">lengths</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>. <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="must">must</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="premedical">premedical</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="undergraduate">undergraduate</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span>- <span word="or">or</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="school">school</span>. <span word="Engineering">Engineering</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="architecture">architecture</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="four">four</span>- <span word="or">or</span> <span word="five">five</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="completion">completion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="secondary">secondary</span> <span word="school">school</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="disciplines">disciplines</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="organized">organized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="department">department</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="departments">departments</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="staffed">staffed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="faculty">faculty</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="ranging">ranging</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="professors">professors</span> <span word="to">to</span></p>
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