六级考试阅读理解真题精选练习7
<p> <span word="Recent">Recent</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="R">R</span>. <span word="Schwenk">Schwenk</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="optimal">optimal</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="generalizations">generalizations</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="perceptions">perceptions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sample">sample</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="executives">executives</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="executives">executives</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="profit">profit</span>-<span word="seeking">seeking</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="not">not</span>-<span word="for">for</span>-<span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span>.</p><p> <span word="Somewhat">Somewhat</span> <span word="surprisingly">surprisingly</span>, <span word="Schwenk">Schwenk</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="opinions">opinions</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="varied">varied</span> <span word="systematically">systematically</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="organization">organization</span>. <span word="Specifically">Specifically</span>, <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="not">not</span>-<span word="for">for</span>-<span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="beneficial">beneficial</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="promoted">promoted</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="absence">absence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span>.</p><p> <span word="Managers">Managers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="for">for</span>-<span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="picture">picture</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="damaging">damaging</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>-<span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span>. <span word="Schwenk">Schwenk</span> <span word="interpreted">interpreted</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="criteria">criteria</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="executives">executives</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="profit">profit</span>-<span word="seeking">seeking</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span>, <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="effectiveness">effectiveness</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="assessed">assessed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="terms">terms</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="executives">executives</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="consensus">consensus</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="enhanced">enhanced</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="indicators">indicators</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="not">not</span>-<span word="for">for</span>-<span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span>, <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="effectiveness">effectiveness</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="satisfying">satisfying</span> <span word="constituents">constituents</span>. <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complexities">complexities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ambiguities">ambiguities</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="satisfying">satisfying</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="diverse">diverse</span> <span word="constituents">constituents</span> <span word="executives">executives</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="acceptable">acceptable</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span>.</p>
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