六级考试阅读考前练习1
<p> 1 <span word="Computers">Computers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="checkers">checkers</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="championship">championship</span> <span word="chess">chess</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="accurate">accurate</span> <span word="yardstick">yardstick</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="measuring">measuring</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="experience">experience</span>.</p><p> 2 <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span>, <span word="chess">chess</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="perfectly">perfectly</span> <span word="suited">suited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> .<span word="all">all</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="programmer">programmer</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="evaluating">evaluating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="move">move</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="win">win</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="time">time</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sensible">sensible</span> <span word="approach">approach</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="analyze">analyze</span> 40 000 <span word="moves">moves</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="impressive">impressive</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="astronomical">astronomical</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="moves">moves</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="chessliterally">chessliterally</span> <span word="trillions">trillions</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="written">written</span> , <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="data">data</span>.</p><p> 3 <span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="compete">compete</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="championship">championship</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="programmed">programmed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="data">data</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="experience">experience</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="modify">modify</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="programm">programm</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="unstructured">unstructured</span> <span word="situationin">situationin</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> . <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>. <span word="Chess">Chess</span>-<span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="defeat">defeat</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="champion">champion</span> <span word="chess">chess</span> <span word="players">players</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="beaten">beaten</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="ranks">ranks</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span>, <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="stages">stages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="chess">chess</span> <span word="games">games</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="win">win</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span>.</p>
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