六级冲刺练习阅读（125）
<p> <span word="Black">Black</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span></p><p> <span word="About">About</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="tenth">tenth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="descended">descended</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Atlantic">Atlantic</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span> <span word="between">between</span> 150 <span word="and">and</span> 300 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="slave">slave</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="embarrassment">embarrassment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Republic">Republic</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="foundation">foundation</span>.</p><p> <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="colonists">colonists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="England">England</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slave">slave</span> <span word="trade">trade</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plantation">plantation</span> <span word="owners">owners</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="buying">buying</span> <span word="slaves">slaves</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="West">West</span> <span word="Indies">Indies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="continent">continent</span>. <span word="Towards">Towards</span> 1800 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trade">trade</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="onwards">onwards</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="slave">slave</span> <span word="ships">ships</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="except">except</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="illegally">illegally</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="slaves">slaves</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="plantation">plantation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="South">South</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>. <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Constitution">Constitution</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="status">status</span>. <span word="Southern">Southern</span> <span word="slavery">slavery</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="ended">ended</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="victory">victory</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="northern">northern</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="civil">civil</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1861-1865. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="U">U</span>. <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="constitution">constitution</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="amended">amended</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="outlaw">outlaw</span> <span word="slavery">slavery</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grant">grant</span> <span word="automatic">automatic</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>.</p><p> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="after">after</span> 1865 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dominant">dominant</span> <span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="excluding">excluding</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="equality">equality</span>. <span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="devices">devices</span>, <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="affecting">affecting</span> <span word="voting">voting</span> <span word="rights">rights</span>, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="dates">dates</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="unconstitutional">unconstitutional</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1950<span word="s">s</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="intimidated">intimidated</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="register">register</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="voters">voters</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="school">school</span>, <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="seats">seats</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="buses">buses</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="parks">parks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="whites">whites</span>-<span word="only">only</span> <span word="facilities">facilities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span>. <span word="Black">Black</span> <span word="opposition">opposition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Association">Association</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Advancement">Advancement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Colored">Colored</span> <span word="People">People</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="liberally">liberally</span>-<span word="minded">minded</span> <span word="whites">whites</span>. <span word="The">The</span> 1950<span word="s">s</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="change">change</span>.</p>
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