大学英语四六级考试阅读提高的练习（37）
<p> <span word="Colleges">Colleges</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Universities">Universities</span></p><p> <span word="More">More</span> <span word="than">than</span> 60 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="graduates">graduates</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="colleges">colleges</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bachelors">bachelors</span> <span word="degree">degree</span>. <span word="College">College</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="undergraduates">undergraduates</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="freshman">freshman</span>, <span word="sophomore">sophomore</span>, <span word="junior">junior</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="years">years</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="colleges">colleges</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="broad">broad</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="education">education</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="English">English</span>, <span word="science">science</span>, <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="science">science</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="discipline">discipline</span>.</p><p> <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="program">program</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="college">college</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>. <span word="Graduate">Graduate</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="literature">literature</span>, <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="granted">granted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="arts">arts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="one">one</span>- <span word="or">or</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="masters">masters</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> , <span word="and">and</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="lasting">lasting</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Philosophy">Philosophy</span> . <span word="A">A</span> <span word="candidate">candidate</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="must">must</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="field">field</span>, <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="oral">oral</span> <span word="examinations">examinations</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="thesis">thesis</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="research">research</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="postdoctoral">postdoctoral</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="extend">extend</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.</p><p> <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="law">law</span>, <span word="medicine">medicine</span>, <span word="engineering">engineering</span>, <span word="architecture">architecture</span>, <span word="social">social</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="business">business</span>, <span word="library">library</span> <span word="science">science</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="education">education</span>. <span word="Professional">Professional</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="admission">admission</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lengths">lengths</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>. <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="must">must</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="premedical">premedical</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="undergraduate">undergraduate</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span>- <span word="or">or</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="school">school</span>. <span word="Engineering">Engineering</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="architecture">architecture</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="four">four</span>- <span word="or">or</span> <span word="five">five</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="completion">completion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="secondary">secondary</span> <span word="school">school</span>.</p>
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