大学英语六级讲义与笔记:阅读部分(十三)
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1920<span word="s">s</span> <span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="fell">fell</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="recover">recover</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="instituted">instituted</span> <span word="austerity">austerity</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="imports">imports</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sharp">sharp</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="disastrous">disastrous</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="sufficient">sufficient</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span>, <span word="seed">seed</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fertilizer">fertilizer</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="buying">buying</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span> <span word="goods">goods</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="constant">constant</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="fell">fell</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="developments">developments</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Depression">Depression</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1929 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="extended">extended</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1939<span word="s">s</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> 1929, <span word="under">under</span> <span word="President">President</span> <span word="Herbert">Herbert</span> <span word="Hoover">Hoover</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Federal">Federal</span> <span word="Farm">Farm</span> <span word="Board">Board</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="organized">organized</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="interference">interference</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="demand">demand</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="represented">represented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="commitment">commitment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="stability">stability</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span>.</p><p> <span word="President">President</span> <span word="Hoovers">Hoovers</span> <span word="successor">successor</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="President">President</span> <span word="Franklin">Franklin</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Roosevelt">Roosevelt</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1933 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Agricultural">Agricultural</span> <span word="Adjustment">Adjustment</span> <span word="Act">Act</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="subsequently">subsequently</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Secretary">Secretary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Agriculture">Agriculture</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="voluntary">voluntary</span> <span word="agreements">agreements</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="use">use</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="deliberate">deliberate</span> <span word="scarcity">scarcity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="planned">planned</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="declared">declared</span> <span word="unconstitutional">unconstitutional</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grounds">grounds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="collected">collected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="new">new</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="resting">resting</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="flood">flood</span>-<span word="control">control</span> <span word="measures">measures</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="conservation">conservation</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Roosevelt">Roosevelt</span> <span word="Administration">Administration</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rebuilding">rebuilding</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expense">expense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span>. <span word="Later">Later</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="guaranteed">guaranteed</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span>, <span word="hybrid">hybrid</span> <span word="grain">grain</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fertilizers">fertilizers</span>.</p>
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