淘金高阶英语六级巅峰阅读 篇章阅读07：人文知识
<p> 篇章阅读07：人文知识</p><p> <span word="People">People</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="wondered">wondered</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="personalities">personalities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="arc">arc</span> <span word="formed">formed</span>.<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span>. <span word="or">or</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cooperative">cooperative</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span>.</p><p> <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="are">are</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>, <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="question">question</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="possess">possess</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exhibits">exhibits</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="answers">answers</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thee">thee</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="developed">developed</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="approaches">approaches</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="proponents">proponents</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="controversy">controversy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="conveniently">conveniently</span> <span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>/<span word="nurture">nurture</span> .</p><p> <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="personalities">personalities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="biological">biological</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="factor">factor</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="little">little</span>. <span word="if">if</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span>. <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span>. <span word="and">and</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>. <span word="Taken">Taken</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="Maintains">Maintains</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="predetermined">predetermined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="governed">governed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="instincts">instincts</span>.</p><p> <span word="Proponents">Proponents</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nurture">nurture</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="or">or</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="called">called</span>. <span word="behaviorists">behaviorists</span>. <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="biologically">biologically</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="instincts">instincts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="determining">determining</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="act">act</span>. <span word="Behaviorists">Behaviorists</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="shaped">shaped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="surroundings">surroundings</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="mechanistic">mechanistic</span>; <span word="they">they</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>. <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>.</p>
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