如何理解明确表达的事实和细节
<p> 在阅读理解题中，大多数问题是测试应试者对明确表达的事实和细节情况的理解。在做此类试题时，我们应从英语文章内容的一般组织方法上去考虑。一般说来，为了阐明文章的中心意思，作者总是运用大量的事实和细节来说明中心意思并进行各种不同的陈述，也就是说文章中的每一句话都是围绕主题而展开的，或是提供例证，或是进行分类比较，或是说明因果关系等。正确分析文章中的每个句子是如何说明和解析中心意思，是提高阅读理解水平的关键。分析事实和细节内容的有效方法是：在阅读过程中首先找出主题句(文章的中心意思往往通过主题句表现出来)，然后分析其他各个句子与主题句的意义关系，即形成一个分析文章意义的流程图。这样我们可以清楚地掌握文章中的细节内容，找出所需选择的问题的答案。下面本文举一个例子来说明：</p><p> <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Independence">Independence</span>，<span word="women">women</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="fighting">fighting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>.<span word="First">First</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="branch">branch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Continental">Continental</span> <span word="Army">Army</span>，<span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="asWomen">asWomen</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Army">Army</span>， <span word="women">women</span> <span word="staffed">staffed</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="hospitals">hospitals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="acted">acted</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="roles">roles</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="carriers">carriers</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emergency">emergency</span>，<span word="women">women</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="carriers">carriers</span>，<span word="who">who</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="plenty">plenty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="firing">firing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cannons">cannons</span>，<span word="could">could</span> <span word="replace">replace</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> <span word="comrade">comrade</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="fighting">fighting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="regular">regular</span> <span word="troop">troop</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mens">mens</span> <span word="uniforms">uniforms</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fought">fought</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span>.<span word="Theoretically">Theoretically</span>，<span word="women">women</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="recruited">recruited</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="soldier">soldier</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soldiers">soldiers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="teens">teens</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="recruited">recruited</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="violation">violation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>.<span word="Third">Third</span>，<span word="women">women</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="occasional">occasional</span> <span word="fighters">fighters</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="militia">militia</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="committees">committees</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="community">community</span>.</p>
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