英语六级考试备考晨读美文——Folk Cultures
<p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="isolated">isolated</span>, <span word="cohesive">cohesive</span>, <span word="conservative">conservative</span>, <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="sufficient">sufficient</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="homogeneous">homogeneous</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="custom">custom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="clan">clan</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="rituals">rituals</span>. <span word="Order">Order</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="maintained">maintained</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="sanctions">sanctions</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="religion">religion</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="interpersonal">interpersonal</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="strong">strong</span>. <span word="Tradition">Tradition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="paramount">paramount</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="infrequently">infrequently</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="division">division</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="duties">duties</span>. <span word="Rather">Rather</span>, <span word="each">each</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="duties">duties</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sexes">sexes</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="handmade">handmade</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subsistence">subsistence</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="prevails">prevails</span>. <span word="Individualism">Individualism</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="weakly">weakly</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="cultures">cultures</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="classes">classes</span>. <span word="Unaltered">Unaltered</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="cultures">cultures</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industrialized">industrialized</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span>. <span word="Perhaps">Perhaps</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nearest">nearest</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="equivalent">equivalent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Anglo">Anglo</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Amish">Amish</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="farming">farming</span> <span word="sect">sect</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="renounces">renounces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="age">age</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Amish">Amish</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>, <span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="buggies">buggies</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="serve">serve</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="transportation">transportation</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="faithful">faithful</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="permitted">permitted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="automobiles">automobiles</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Amishs">Amishs</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="religious">religious</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Demut">Demut</span> <span word="humility">humility</span>, <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="reflects">reflects</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weakness">weakness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="individualism">individualism</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="cultures">cultures</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="corresponding">corresponding</span> <span word="strength">strength</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Amish">Amish</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="identity">identity</span>. <span word="Rarely">Rarely</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Amish">Amish</span> <span word="marry">marry</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="sect">sect</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="religion">religion</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Mennonite">Mennonite</span> <span word="faith">faith</span>, <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="principal">principal</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="maintaining">maintaining</span> <span word="orders">orders</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="heterogeneous">heterogeneous</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="individualistic">individualistic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="constantly">constantly</span> <span word="changing">changing</span>. <span word="Relationships">Relationships</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="impersonal">impersonal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pronounced">pronounced</span> <span word="division">division</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="exists">exists</span>, <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="establishment">establishment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="professions">professions</span>. <span word="Secular">Secular</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="religion">religion</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="maintaining">maintaining</span> <span word="order">order</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="money">money</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="prevails">prevails</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="contrasts">contrasts</span>, <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="viewed">viewed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="folk">folk</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="replacing">replacing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industrialized">industrialized</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="nations">nations</span>. <span word="Folk">Folk</span>-<span word="made">made</span> <span word="objects">objects</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="equivalent">equivalent</span>, <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="cheaply">cheaply</span> <span word="produced">produced</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="prestige">prestige</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="owner">owner</span>.</p>
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