英语六级考试冲刺阅读精选二
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1950<span word="s">s</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pioneers">pioneers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="artificial">artificial</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> （<span word="AI">AI</span>） <span word="predicted">predicted</span> <span word="that">that</span>， <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="century">century</span>， <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="conversing">conversing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="robots">robots</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="performing">performing</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="housework">housework</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="are">are</span>， <span word="theyre">theyre</span> <span word="nowhere">nowhere</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="achieving">achieving</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="remotely">remotely</span> <span word="resembling">resembling</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="aspirations">aspirations</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="humanlike">humanlike</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>. <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>： <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reliably">reliably</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shape">shape</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="object">object</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>-<span word="month">month</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="kid">kid</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="say">say</span>， <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span>， <span word="most">most</span> <span word="abstract">abstract</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>， <span word="like">like</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mathematics">mathematics</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="duplicate">duplicate</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="logical">logical</span>， <span word="step">step</span>-<span word="by">by</span>-<span word="step">step</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="AI">AI</span>， <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>， <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="roundabout">roundabout</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="adaptation">adaptation</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="logic">logic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>. <span word="Rather">Rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="digital">digital</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="transistors">transistors</span>， <span word="some">some</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="proteins">proteins</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="promising">promising</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="peculiar">peculiar</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="surely">surely</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="forefront">forefront</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="field">field</span>.</p><p> <span word="Imitating">Imitating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="neural">neural</span> （神经的） <span word="network">network</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="direction">direction</span>， <span word="says">says</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="biophysicist">biophysicist</span> <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Conrad">Conrad</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="misses">misses</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="treat">treat</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="color">color</span>-<span word="coded">coded</span> <span word="transistors">transistors</span>， <span word="he">he</span> <span word="explains">explains</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="network">network</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="switches">switches</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="inside">inside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>. <span word="Specifically">Specifically</span>， <span word="Conrad">Conrad</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="capabilities">capabilities</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="recognition">recognition</span> <span word="proficiency">proficiency</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="molecules">molecules</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="cell">cell</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="artificially">artificially</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span> <span word="device">device</span>， <span word="he">he</span> <span word="claims">claims</span>， <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="molecular">molecular</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>.</p>
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