专八阅读练习之The Importance of Independent Thinking
<p> <span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="thinker">thinker</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thinker">thinker</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="duty">duty</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="intellect">intellect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="conclusions">conclusions</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="lead">lead</span>. <span word="Truth">Truth</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="errors">errors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="preparation">preparation</span>， <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>， <span word="than">than</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="opinions">opinions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span>. <span word="No">No</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="solely">solely</span>， <span word="of">of</span> <span word="chiefly">chiefly</span>， <span word="to">to</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="thinkers">thinkers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="required">required</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrary">contrary</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="indispensable">indispensable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enable">enable</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="beings">beings</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attain">attain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="stature">stature</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="thinkers">thinkers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="slavery">slavery</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span>， <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span>， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="intellectually">intellectually</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="people">people</span>. <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heterodox">heterodox</span> <span word="speculation">speculation</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="suspended">suspended</span>， <span word="where">where</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tacit">tacit</span> <span word="convention">convention</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="principles">principles</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="disputed">disputed</span>： <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="occupy">occupy</span> <span word="humanity">humanity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="closed">closed</span>， <span word="we">we</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="periods">periods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="remarkable">remarkable</span>. <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="controversy">controversy</span> <span word="avoided">avoided</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="kindle">kindle</span> <span word="enthusiasm">enthusiasm</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="stirred">stirred</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="fro">fro</span>9<span word="m">m</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="foundation">foundation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impulse">impulse</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> <span word="intellect">intellect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dignity">dignity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="beings">beings</span>.</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span>. <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="food">food</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="refute">refute</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="refute">refute</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span> <span word="side">side</span>; <span word="if">if</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span>， <span word="she">she</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="preferring">preferring</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="suspension">suspension</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="judgment">judgment</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="contents">contents</span> <span word="herself">herself</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="that">that</span>， <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="authority">authority</span>， <span word="or">or</span> <span word="adopts">adopts</span>， <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="generality">generality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="inclination">inclination</span>. <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="adversaries">adversaries</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>， <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="them">them</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="accompanied">accompanied</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="refutations">refutations</span>， <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="justice">justice</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span>， <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="contact">contact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="them">them</span>; <span word="who">who</span> <span word="defend">defend</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="earnest">earnest</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="utmost">utmost</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="plausible">plausible</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="persuasive">persuasive</span> <span word="form">form</span>; <span word="she">she</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="encounter">encounter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dispose">dispose</span> <span word="of">of</span>; <span word="else">else</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="possess">possess</span> <span word="herself">herself</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="portion">portion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="meets">meets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="removes">removes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>. <span word="Ninety">Ninety</span>-<span word="nine">nine</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>; <span word="even">even</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="fluently">fluently</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="opinions">opinions</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="false">false</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="know">know</span>; <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="thrown">thrown</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="differently">differently</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consequently">consequently</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span>， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span>， <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctrines">doctrines</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="profess">profess</span>.</p>
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