2015考研英语阅读日益强大的汉堡经济学
<p> <span word="Beefed">Beefed</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="burgernomics">burgernomics</span></p><p> 日益强大的汉堡经济学</p><p> <span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="Mac">Mac</span> <span word="index">index</span> <span word="celebrates">celebrates</span> <span word="its">its</span> 25<span word="th">th</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="Invented">Invented</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Economist">Economist</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1986 <span word="asa">asa</span> <span word="lighthearted">lighthearted</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="currencies">currencies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="correct">correct</span> <span word="level">level</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="intended">intended</span> <span word="asa">asa</span> <span word="precise">precise</span> <span word="gauge">gauge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="currency">currency</span> <span word="misalignment">misalignment</span>, <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tool">tool</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span>-<span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="moredigestible">moredigestible</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="Mac">Mac</span> <span word="index">index</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="standard">standard</span>, <span word="included">included</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="economictextbooks">economictextbooks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 20 <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="studies">studies</span>. <span word="American">American</span> <span word="politicians">politicians</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="citedthe">citedthe</span> <span word="index">index</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="demands">demands</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="appreciation">appreciation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="yuan">yuan</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="peopletaking">peopletaking</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hamburger">hamburger</span> <span word="standard">standard</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="beef">beef</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="up">up</span>.</p><p> 巨无霸指数已经诞生25年了。在1986年的一期经济学人杂志中第一次出现，当初仅仅是为了让人们更易理解汇率，随意的作为一个衡量货币是否在正常水平的指标，人们从没有指望它能作为一个估评货币的标准。然而如今巨无霸指标已经成为国际的一个标准，被数个经济读本引用还成为至少20个学术研究的课题。美国的政客们甚至借这一数字来要求中国人民币的增值。鉴于人们如此看重汉堡指数，可能是时候去讨论一下它的意义了。</p><p> <span word="Burgernomics">Burgernomics</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="purchasing">purchasing</span>-<span word="power">power</span> <span word="parity">parity</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thelong">thelong</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="equalise">equalise</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anidentical">anidentical</span> <span word="basket">basket</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>. <span word="Theaverage">Theaverage</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="Mac">Mac</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="is">is</span> $4.07; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> $2.27 <span word="at">at</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="exchangerates">exchangerates</span>, 44% <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="raw">raw</span> <span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="Mac">Mac</span> <span word="index">index</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yuan">yuan</span> <span word="isundervalued">isundervalued</span> <span word="by">by</span> 44% <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dollar">dollar</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="currencies">currencies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Switzerland">Switzerland</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Norwayappear">Norwayappear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="overvalued">overvalued</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="around">around</span> 100%. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="euro">euro</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="overvalued">overvalued</span> <span word="by">by</span> 21% <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dollar">dollar</span>; <span word="sterling">sterling</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="undervalued">undervalued</span>;<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="yen">yen</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="spot">spot</span>-<span word="on">on</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="India">India</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="survey">survey</span>.<span word="McDonalds">McDonalds</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="Macs">Macs</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Maharaja">Maharaja</span> <span word="Mac">Mac</span>, <span word="madewith">madewith</span> <span word="chicken">chicken</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beef">beef</span>. <span word="Meat">Meat</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 10% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="burgers">burgers</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="cost">cost</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="isunlikely">isunlikely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="distort">distort</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="hugely">hugely</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rupee">rupee</span> <span word="is">is</span> 53% <span word="undervalued">undervalued</span>.</p>
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