2015考研英语阅读雪佛龙与巴西石油业
<p> <span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="flow">flow</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="cracks">cracks</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seabed">seabed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="thecoast">thecoast</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Rio">Rio</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Janeiro">Janeiro</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="slowed">slowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="amere">amere</span> <span word="trickle">trickle</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="retribution">retribution</span> <span word="againstChevron">againstChevron</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="drillingin">drillingin</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Frade">Frade</span> <span word="oilfield">oilfield</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="November">November</span> 7<span word="th">th</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="asudden">asudden</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="leak">leak</span>.</p><p> 原油从里约热内卢离岸海床的裂缝中流出已经是很久的事情了，不过由于溢出的原油只是缓慢的涓涓细流。然而这次雪佛龙所受的惩罚就不是这样了。11月7日，这家来自美国的石油公司正在<span word="Frade">Frade</span>油田钻探，剧升的压力引发了原油泄漏。</p><p> <span word="Brazils">Brazils</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="agency">agency</span>, <span word="IBAMA">IBAMA</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="fined">fined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="company">company</span> 50<span word="m">m</span> <span word="reais">reais</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leak">leak</span>.<span word="On">On</span> <span word="December">December</span> 23<span word="rd">rd</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="levied">levied</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="further">further</span> 10<span word="m">m</span> <span word="reais">reais</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="contingency">contingency</span> <span word="planning">planning</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="NationalPetroleum">NationalPetroleum</span> <span word="Agency">Agency</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="regulator">regulator</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chevrons">Chevrons</span> <span word="Frade">Frade</span> <span word="wells">wells</span> <span word="andsuspended">andsuspended</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="drilling">drilling</span> <span word="rights">rights</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Rio">Rio</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Janeiro">Janeiro</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="suing">suing</span> <span word="for">for</span> 150<span word="mreais">mreais</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="prosecutor">prosecutor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Campos">Campos</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="north">north</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="demanding">demanding</span> 20<span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="reais">reais</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="punitive">punitive</span> <span word="damages">damages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="seeking">seeking</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="injunction">injunction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="halt">halt</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="operations">operations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="byboth">byboth</span> <span word="Chevron">Chevron</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Transocean">Transocean</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subcontractor">subcontractor</span> <span word="drilling">drilling</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Frade">Frade</span>. <span word="Federal">Federal</span> <span word="police">police</span>,<span word="meanwhile">meanwhile</span>, <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="charges">charges</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="bosses">bosses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>.</p><p> 巴西的环境部门巴西可再生资源与环保局已经因这次泄漏事故对雪佛龙处以5,000万雷亚尔罚款。12月23 日，该局又为可能性极低的规划对雪佛龙追加1,000万雷亚尔的罚款。石油管理机构巴西国家石油管理局已经关闭雪佛龙位于<span word="Frade">Frade</span>的其中一处油井，同时取消了这家公司的钻探权。里约热内卢政府正在申诉15,000万雷亚尔的罚款。位于巴西北方的城市<span word="Campos">Campos</span>的一位联邦公诉人提出200亿雷亚尔的惩罚性损失赔偿，并正在寻求禁止雪佛龙和<span word="Transocean">Transocean</span>公司在巴西的所有作业的强制令。<span word="Transocean">Transocean</span>公司承担雪佛龙在<span word="Frade">Frade</span> 钻探任务。与此同时，联邦警察意图以刑事罪处置两家公司的主管人员。</p>
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