2015考研英语阅读衰退与创业
<p> <span word="Downturn">Downturn</span>, <span word="start">start</span> <span word="up">up</span> -<span word="The">The</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="recessions">recessions</span> <span word="onentrepreneurs">onentrepreneurs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="deep">deep</span></p><p> 衰退与创业 经济衰退对企业家和经理人的影响在加剧</p><p> <span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="founded">founded</span> <span word="duringeconomic">duringeconomic</span> <span word="downturns">downturns</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="varied">varied</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="includesGeneral">includesGeneral</span> <span word="Motors">Motors</span>, <span word="AT">AT</span> <span word="T">T</span>, <span word="Disney">Disney</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="MTV">MTV</span>, <span word="allfounded">allfounded</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="recessions">recessions</span>. <span word="A">A</span> 2009 <span word="study">study</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="thatover">thatover</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Fortune">Fortune</span> 500 <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="startduring">startduring</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="downturn">downturn</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bear">bear</span> <span word="market">market</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="recession">recession</span>, <span word="itseems">itseems</span>, <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="acompany">acompany</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="busts">busts</span> <span word="cast">cast</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="shadow">shadow</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="landscapethan">landscapethan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="realised">realised</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="formation">formation</span> <span word="andhow">andhow</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="run">run</span>.</p><p> 在经济衰退期间创办的知名企业数量很多，且各式各样的行业都有。通用汽车、美国电话电报公司、迪士尼和音乐电视等都是在经济衰退时创建的。2009年有研究发现，超过一半的财富500强公司都是在衰退或熊市期间创设的。经济衰退时期，看起来并非完全不适合创设新公司。事实上，萧条对经济的商业环境的影响远比一般人意识到的要深远，因为它们既影响新企业的设立速度又影响现有企业的运营状况。</p><p> <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="recessions">recessions</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="churnwhatJoseph">churnwhatJoseph</span> <span word="Schumpeter">Schumpeter</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="creative">creative</span> <span word="destruction">destruction</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="destruction">destruction</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span>:<span word="downturns">downturns</span> <span word="kill">kill</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span>, <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="boarded">boarded</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="street">street</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="theirgravestones">theirgravestones</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="recessions">recessions</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="spur">spur</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="creation">creation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span>.</p>
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