2015考研英语阅读地史世界景象
<p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mapmaking">mapmaking</span>;<span word="Views">Views</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span></p><p> 地图史;世界景象;</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="objective">objective</span> <span word="map">map</span>;</p><p> 准确地图谁见了;</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="History">History</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Twelve">Twelve</span> <span word="Maps">Maps</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="JerryBrotton">JerryBrotton</span>.</p><p> 《12幅地图中的世界历史》，作者杰里布洛顿。</p><p> <span word="Around">Around</span> 150<span word="AD">AD</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="astronomer">astronomer</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="Claudius">Claudius</span> <span word="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="aproper">aproper</span> <span word="map">map</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="Penned">Penned</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Greek">Greek</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="papyrus">papyrus</span> <span word="scroll">scroll</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="theGeography">theGeography</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="texts">texts</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mapmaking">mapmaking</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="placedthe">placedthe</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="firmly">firmly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="domain">domain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="geographer">geographer</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="astronomy">astronomy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mathematicsto">mathematicsto</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stars">stars</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="below">below</span>.</p><p> 公元 150年前后，一位名叫克劳狄斯托勒密的天文学家写了一本关于如何恰当绘制世界地图的书。该书用希腊文书写在一卷莎草上，这部被称为《地理学》的著作是地图制图学方面最著名的古文献之一。该书毫不含糊地将这项工作归于地理学家范畴，因为地理学家可以使用天文学和数学知识推测从星球上观测下面的地球是什么样子。</p><p> <span word="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Geography">Geography</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="myths">myths</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="maps">maps</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="recommended">recommended</span> <span word="usinggeometric">usinggeometric</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="latitude">latitude</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="longitude">longitude</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="convey">convey</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="dimensional">dimensional</span> <span word="Earth">Earth</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="dimensional">dimensional</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="ordinates">ordinates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="over">over</span> 8,000 <span word="locations">locations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ancientworld">ancientworld</span>. <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</span> <span word="drew">drew</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="maps">maps</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unclear">unclear</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Geography">Geography</span> <span word="disappeared">disappeared</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="athousand">athousand</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="only">only</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unoriginal">unoriginal</span> <span word="copy">copy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 13<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="replete">replete</span> <span word="withcoloured">withcoloured</span> <span word="maps">maps</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Byzantine">Byzantine</span> <span word="scribes">scribes</span>. <span word="Regardless">Regardless</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="geographic">geographic</span> <span word="drawings">drawings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allother">allother</span> <span word="maps">maps</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="calculation">calculation</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="legacy">legacy</span>.</p>
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