2015考研英语阅读功利主义者绝非善类
<p> <span word="Utilitarians">Utilitarians</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="people">people</span></p><p> 功利主义者绝非善类</p><p> <span word="IN">IN</span> <span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="grand">grand</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="Jeremy">Jeremy</span> <span word="Bentham">Bentham</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="John">John</span> <span word="Stuart">Stuart</span> <span word="Mill">Mill</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="thoughtof">thoughtof</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="guys">guys</span>.</p><p> 杰里米边沁和约翰斯图亚特穆勒是公认的好好先生。</p><p> <span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ethical">ethical</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="utilitarianism">utilitarianism</span>.</p><p> 在伦理学上，他们提出了功利主义原则。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="encapsulated">encapsulated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Bentham">Bentham</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="aphorism">aphorism</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="happinessof">happinessof</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="foundation">foundation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="morals">morals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="legislation">legislation</span>.</p><p> 从边沁的名言 最多数人的最大幸福乃道德与立法之根本 ，功利主义的原则可见一斑。</p><p> <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="fine">fine</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dandy">dandy</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="applying">applying</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>.</p><p> 听上去合情合理看上去美轮美奂，但是应用功利主义进行道德判断时就不是那么回事了。</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="utilitarian">utilitarian</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="might">might</span> <span word="approve">approve</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="occasional">occasional</span> <span word="torture">torture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="suspected">suspected</span> <span word="terroristsfor">terroristsfor</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="happiness">happiness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="else">else</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="understand">understand</span>.</p><p> 例如，功利主义者会同意特殊情况下对恐怖嫌疑人施以酷刑，你懂的，为了最多数人的最大幸福。</p><p> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="observation">observation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="Daniel">Daniel</span> <span word="Bartels">Bartels</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Columbia">Columbia</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="Pizarro">Pizarro</span> <span word="atCornell">atCornell</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="utilitarian">utilitarian</span> <span word="outlook">outlook</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="life">life</span>.</p>
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