2015考研英语阅读集体行为
<p> <span word="Collective">Collective</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span></p><p> 集体行为</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="ignorance">ignorance</span></p><p> 集体的 智商 部分取决于成员的无知</p><p> <span word="HUMAN">HUMAN</span> <span word="beings">beings</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="kingdom">kingdom</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="smartest">smartest</span> <span word="alecks">alecks</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="maycome">maycome</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span>, <span word="therefore">therefore</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Iain">Iain</span> <span word="Couzin">Couzin</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Princeton">Princeton</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="theyhave">theyhave</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="lesser">lesser</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="toldthe">toldthe</span> <span word="AAAS">AAAS</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span>, <span word="DC">DC</span>, <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="wisedecisions">wisedecisions</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="ignorant">ignorant</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="on">on</span>.</p><p> 人类常常自诩为最聪明的动物。事实真的如此吗?美国普林斯顿大学<span word="Iain">Iain</span> <span word="Couzin">Couzin</span>认为人类需要向其他生物学习，学习他们的集体行为。正如他在华盛顿美国科学促进会的会议上所说，动物群体往往会做出明智的决定，即便群体中的大多对所发生的事情一无所知。</p><p> <span word="Coming">Coming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span>. <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="critters">critters</span> <span word="perchedon">perchedon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="rungs">rungs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evolutionary">evolutionary</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="understood">understood</span>.<span word="One">One</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tag">tag</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="aroundmotion">aroundmotion</span>-<span word="capturesensors">capturesensors</span>, <span word="radio">radio</span> <span word="transmitters">transmitters</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="global">global</span>-<span word="positioning">positioning</span>-<span word="system">system</span> <span word="detectors">detectors</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="precisefigure">precisefigure</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="movements">movements</span>.</p><p> 得出这个结论并不容易。想要从低等生物上获得研究结果，首先得了解他们的行为。一种做法就是用仪器来捕捉他们的行动，如：动作捕捉感应器，无线电发射器或全球定位系统探测器，这些仪器可以把他们的动作准确记录下来。</p>
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