海洋生物学
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Marine">Marine</span> <span word="biology">biology</span> 海洋生物学 <span word="Scents">Scents</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sensibility">sensibility</span> 气味与识别 <span word="Turtles">Turtles</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smell">smell</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="loathe">loathe</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="them">them</span>,<span word="it">it</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="dinner">dinner</span> 海龟喜欢一种人类讨厌的味道，对它们来说，这表示大餐 <span word="JELLYFISH">JELLYFISH</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tasty">tasty</span> <span word="snack">snack</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="loggerheadturtle">loggerheadturtle</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="menu">menu</span>. 水母或许不符合大多数人对于美味小食的定义，但如果你变成一只红海龟，水母便成了顶级美食。 <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="jellyfish">jellyfish</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="swim">swim</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="exactly">exactly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greyhounds">greyhounds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="areeasily">areeasily</span> <span word="caught">caught</span>. 虽然水母可以游动，但它们可算不上海洋中的快艇，所以要逮它们很容易。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="munching">munching</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="jellyfish">jellyfish</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="aturtle">aturtle</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="days">days</span>, <span word="loggerheads">loggerheads</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 而吃上一只大水母能让一只海龟维持好几天，所以红海龟一旦发现水母便会大快朵颐。 <span word="Yum">Yum</span>! 味道好极了! <span word="The">The</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="upwelling">upwelling</span> <span word="zone">zone</span>. 上升流区是海龟大快朵颐的最佳地点。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="draws">draws</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>, <span word="nutrient">nutrient</span>-<span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>. 在这种区域里，水流会在海风的作用下将富含营养物质的冷水带到海洋表面， <span word="That">That</span> <span word="encourages">encourages</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="planktonic">planktonic</span> <span word="algae">algae</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="feeds">feeds</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="suchplankton">suchplankton</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="feeds">feeds</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="feeds">feeds</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="themincluding">themincluding</span> <span word="jellyfish">jellyfish</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="molluscs">molluscs</span> <span word="andcrustacea">andcrustacea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="loggerheads">loggerheads</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="appetiser">appetiser</span>. 这有利于浮游藻类生长，因此也有利于以这些浮游生物为食的动物，或以这些动物为食的动物生长，包括水母，还有各种各样的软体动物和甲壳动物，这些都是红海龟的最爱。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="upwelling">upwelling</span> <span word="zones">zones</span> <span word="do">do</span>, <span word="indeed">indeed</span>, <span word="attract">attract</span> <span word="turtles">turtles</span>. 所以上升流区确实会吸引海龟， <span word="But">But</span> <span word="nobody">nobody</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="zones">zones</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="scattered">scattered</span>, <span word="local">local</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="temporary">temporary</span> <span word="phenomena">phenomena</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="locating">locating</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="expanse">expanse</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. 但没人知道海龟是怎样找到上升流区的，这些区域都是局部性的，非常分散，且常常只是暂时现象，要想在宽广的海洋中找到它们绝非易事。 <span word="Courtney">Courtney</span> <span word="Endres">Endres</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="biologist">biologist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="North">North</span> <span word="Carolina">Carolina</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Chapel">Chapel</span> <span word="Hill">Hill</span>, <span word="however">however</span>,<span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reptiles">reptiles</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="smelling">smelling</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="zones">zones</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="afar">afar</span>. 然而考特尼恩德斯认为两栖动物离很远便能通过气味察觉到上升流区，她是美国北卡罗来纳州立大学的一名生物学家。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="loggerheads">loggerheads</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="goodsense">goodsense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>. 她是从几年前进行的试验中发现红海龟拥有良好的嗅觉。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="knew">knew</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="sailors">sailors</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="comment">comment</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="upwelling">upwelling</span> <span word="zonestend">zonestend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stink">stink</span>. 她还了解到上升流区往往会发出异味，因为经过上升流区的水手们经常会提到这一事实。 <span word="Specifically">Specifically</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="stink">stink</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cabbages">cabbages</span>. 明确的说，是卷心菜的异味。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="planktonic">planktonic</span> <span word="algae">algae</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="crunched">crunched</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="eaten">eaten</span>,<span word="release">release</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="substance">substance</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="dimethylsulphoniopropionate">dimethylsulphoniopropionate</span>. 这是由于浮游藻类在被吃掉的过程中被咬碎时，会释放出一种叫做硫代甜菜碱的物质， <span word="This">This</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="degrades">degrades</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span>, <span word="dimethyl">dimethyl</span> <span word="sulphide">sulphide</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="generations">generations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thosesubjected">thosesubjected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="unimaginative">unimaginative</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="lunches">lunches</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="instantly">instantly</span> <span word="recognise">recognise</span>. 该物质很快会降解为另一种化学物质-二甲基硫化物，闻到这种物质产生的气味会立刻让人想起千篇一律的学校午餐的气味。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="loggerheads">loggerheads</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smell">smell</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="banquet">banquet</span>. 但这对红海龟来说是盛宴的气息。 <span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Endres">Endres</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="colleague">colleague</span> <span word="Kenneth">Kenneth</span> <span word="Lohmann">Lohmann</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> 11 <span word="loggerheadhatchlings">loggerheadhatchlings</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="beaches">beaches</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="testing">testing</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="smells">smells</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 恩德斯及其同事肯尼斯罗曼通过实验表明了这点。她们在当地海滩上抓了11只红海龟的幼龟，并测试它们对哪种气味最感兴趣。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="turtles">turtles</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tank">tank</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="seawater">seawater</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="scents">scents</span> <span word="blown">blown</span> <span word="acrossits">acrossits</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>. 每只幼龟被分别放入一个装有海水的水缸中，并将各种各样的气味吹过水面， <span word="These">These</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="cinnamon">cinnamon</span>, <span word="jasmine">jasmine</span>, <span word="lemonand">lemonand</span> <span word="dimethyl">dimethyl</span> <span word="sulphide">sulphide</span>. 包括肉桂，茉莉，柠檬，以及二甲基硫化物。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="turtle">turtle</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="air">air</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="recorded">recorded</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="sniffed">sniffed</span> <span word="around">around</span>. 当海龟到水面上换气时，研究人员记录了它们露出水面的时间。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="found">found</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Experimental">Experimental</span> <span word="Biology">Biology</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fiveseconds">fiveseconds</span> <span word="breathing">breathing</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="scented">scented</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="lemon">lemon</span>,<span word="jasmine">jasmine</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="cinnamon">cinnamon</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="pleasant">pleasant</span> <span word="odours">odours</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="ahuman">ahuman</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="view">view</span>. 他们发现，从人类的角度上看，柠檬，茉莉，或肉桂都是很悦人的气味，而海龟在呼吸含有以上气味的空气时，平均只在水面停留了五秒钟， <span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="scent">scent</span> <span word="wasused">wasused</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span>. 与在其呼吸没有气味的空气时的停留时间没什么不同。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="scented">scented</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="dimethyl">dimethyl</span> <span word="sulphide">sulphide</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tenseconds">tenseconds</span> <span word="breathing">breathing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stinky">stinky</span> <span word="scent">scent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cabbagesor">cabbagesor</span> <span word="upwellings">upwellings</span>. 然而在空气中含有二甲基硫的气味时，海龟在这种散发着卷心菜或者说上升流异味的空气中平均停留了十秒钟。该报道刊登在《实验生物学》上。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="loggerheads">loggerheads</span> <span word="smell">smell</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="thehypothesis">thehypothesis</span> <span word="plausible">plausible</span>. 当然，这并不能证明红海龟能顺着气味找到它们的餐桌，但是这让以上假设似乎可以说得通。 <span word="For">For</span> <span word="turtles">turtles</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perfumes">perfumes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Araby">Araby</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="charm">charm</span>. 看来阿拉伯香水对海龟也不会有什么吸引力， <span word="The">The</span> <span word="scent">scent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cabbages">cabbages</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="odour">odour</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="roasting">roasting</span> <span word="chicken">chicken</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ahungry">ahungry</span> <span word="human">human</span>. 相比之下，卷心菜的气味之于海龟的吸引力就像烤鸡之于饿汉。 词语解释 1.<span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="on">on</span> 喂养 <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="enlightened">enlightened</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruits">fruits</span> <span word="ofenlightened">ofenlightened</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span>? 已启蒙的人可以以启蒙创新的果实为食吗? <span word="Vampire">Vampire</span> <span word="bats">bats</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="birds">birds</span>,<span word="cattle">cattle</span>, <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pigs">pigs</span>. 吸血蝙蝠以大型鸟类，牛，马以及猪的血液为食。 2.<span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> 受制于,易于 <span word="Already">Already</span> <span word="americans">americans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="de">de</span>-<span word="facto">facto</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="controls">controls</span>. 如今美国已经受到变相的资本控制。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="revisions">revisions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="months">months</span>. 这个预先估计在未来的几个月中需要受到两次修订。 3.<span word="come">come</span> <span word="up">up</span> 发生;上来;提到 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 发生了一个新的问题。 <span word="Two">Two</span>-<span word="headed">headed</span> <span word="monsters">monsters</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="breathe">breathe</span> <span word="underwater">underwater</span> <span word="rarely">rarely</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="msleeping">msleeping</span>. 双头怪物或者能在水下呼吸之类的，从来就没有在我的梦中发生过。</p>
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