发射飞机
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Launching">Launching</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> 发射飞机 <span word="Proof">Proof</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="induction">induction</span> 让电磁感应来验证 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>, <span word="airliners">airliners</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="catapulted">catapulted</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="thesky">thesky</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="motors">motors</span> 将来，会用电动机将客机弹射到天空中 <span word="READERS">READERS</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="Fireball">Fireball</span> <span word="XL">XL</span>5, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="programmedevised">programmedevised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Gerry">Gerry</span> <span word="Anderson">Anderson</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="spacecraft">spacecraft</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="name">name</span>. 某个年龄段的读者可能还记得《雷霆机》这个儿童电视节目，这个节目是由格里安德森制作的，讲的是一艘叫做雷霆机的宇宙飞船的故事。 <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="vertically">vertically</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="realspacecraft">realspacecraft</span> <span word="do">do</span>, <span word="Fireball">Fireball</span> <span word="XL">XL</span>5 <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rocket">rocket</span>-<span word="propelled">propelled</span> <span word="trolley">trolley</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="accelerated">accelerated</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="horizontallyto">horizontallyto</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>. 与现实中的宇宙飞船垂直起飞不同，雷霆机是架在一个由火箭推动的滑车上，水平加速到发射速度。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="engineers">engineers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Airbus">Airbus</span>, <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="civil">civil</span>-<span word="aviation">aviation</span> <span word="company">company</span>, <span word="areproposing">areproposing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="bout">bout</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="sky">sky</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span>. 实际上，这是空中客车公司的工程师们在其最近一次天马行空的想法中提出的建议。 <span word="Apart">Apart</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trolley">trolley</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="powered">powered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="linear">linear</span>-<span word="induction">induction</span> <span word="motors">motors</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="thanrockets">thanrockets</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="suggesting">suggesting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fantasy">fantasy</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1962 <span word="might">might</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reality">reality</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2050. 滑车由线性感应电动机提供动力，而非火箭，除此之外，他们认为1962年的幻想会在2050年成为现实。 <span word="Mindful">Mindful</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="passengers">passengers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="nervous">nervous</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="aplane">aplane</span> <span word="airborne">airborne</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="engineers">engineers</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="proposal">proposal</span> <span word="Eco">Eco</span>-<span word="climb">climb</span>. 考虑到飞机离开地面的整个过程中已经够让许多乘客紧张了，工程师更喜欢将他们的提议称为环保型起飞。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="straight">straight</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Fireball">Fireball</span>. 但这一想法是直接来自于雷霆机的。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="launched">launched</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="platform">platform</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="track">track</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="therunway">therunway</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="otherwise">otherwise</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 待发射的飞机会架在一个沿轨道滑行的平台上，而这轨道可说是跑道的另一种形式。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="platform">platform</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="accelerate">accelerate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span>-<span word="off">off</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="lift">lift</span> <span word="intothe">intothe</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="powered">powered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="engines">engines</span>. 平台会加速到起飞速度，到达这一速度点后，飞机便可以通过自己的引擎升上天空。 <span word="Taking">Taking</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="pleasant">pleasant</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="livenear">livenear</span> <span word="airports">airports</span>. 以这种方式起飞既可以节约燃料，又能够让住在机场附近的人过的更舒心些。 <span word="Aircraft">Aircraft</span> <span word="engines">engines</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="optimised">optimised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="flight">flight</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="cruising">cruising</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stratosphere">stratosphere</span>. 飞机引擎最适合在平流层以巡航速度水平飞行。 <span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accelerate">accelerate</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="wastes">wastes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span>. 在地面上用它们为飞机加速会浪费很多燃料。 <span word="An">An</span> <span word="induction">induction</span>-<span word="motor">motor</span>-<span word="powered">powered</span> <span word="platform">platform</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="optimised">optimised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. 相比之下，由感应电动机提供动力的平台最适合手头的这个工作， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>, <span word="letting">letting</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="faster">faster</span>. 它能以更快的速度发射飞机，让飞机爬升更快， <span word="That">That</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span>, <span word="too">too</span>. 还能节约燃料， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="noise">noise</span>. 还意味着地面上要经受飞机噪音的人更少了。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="track">track</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="shorter">shorter</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="runway">runway</span>. 所有这些在一条比传统跑道短三分之一的轨道上即可完成。 <span word="Altogether">Altogether</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Airbus">Airbus</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="back">back</span>-<span word="of">of</span>-<span word="the">the</span>-<span word="envelope">envelope</span> <span word="calculations">calculations</span>, <span word="Eco">Eco</span>-<span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="reducefuel">reducefuel</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="by">by</span> 3% <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> 900<span word="km">km</span> <span word="flight">flight</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="designs">designs</span>. 总而言之，很据空中客车的粗略计算，按一次典型的900公里的飞行算，即使按照现在的飞机设计，环保型起飞也能将其油耗减少3%。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lighter">lighter</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="engines">engines</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="wouldcut">wouldcut</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span>, <span word="noise">noise</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span> <span word="further">further</span>. 而且它还为设计引擎更小，重量更轻的飞机留下了空间，可以进一步降低油耗，噪声及排放。 <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="fantasy">fantasy</span>. <span word="General">General</span> <span word="Atomics">Atomics</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="contractor">contractor</span>, <span word="hasalready">hasalready</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="linear">linear</span>-<span word="induction">induction</span>-<span word="motor">motor</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="airbase">airbase</span> <span word="atLakehurst">atLakehurst</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Jersey">Jersey</span>. 这个想法并不完全是幻想。通用原子公司是一家美军的承包商，其已经在一座位于新泽西州莱克赫斯特的空军基地建造了一个这类基于线性感应电动机的系统，并进行了测试。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="General">General</span> <span word="Atomics">Atomics</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="scaled">scaled</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fitted">fitted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="ofaircraft">ofaircraft</span> <span word="carriers">carriers</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="navy">navy</span>. 目前通用原子正在对该系统进行放大，以便能装备到美国海军的新一代航空母舰上。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="launcher">launcher</span> <span word="powered">powered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="linear">linear</span>-<span word="induction">induction</span> <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="advantages">advantages</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="thesteam">thesteam</span>-<span word="driven">driven</span> <span word="catapults">catapults</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="carriers">carriers</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="General">General</span> <span word="Atomics">Atomics</span>. 据通用原子公司称，与现在航空母舰上使用的蒸汽动力弹射器相比，由线性感应电动机提供动力的发射台有多个优点。 <span word="Whereas">Whereas</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="steam">steam</span> <span word="catapult">catapult</span> <span word="lets">lets</span> <span word="rip">rip</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="constant">constant</span> <span word="force">force</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="linearmotor">linearmotor</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="smooth">smooth</span> <span word="acceleration">acceleration</span>. 恒定的力使蒸汽弹射器难以控制;而线性电动机的速度和力量都可以控制，可带来平缓的加速， <span word="That">That</span> <span word="extends">extends</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="subjecting">subjecting</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="stress">stress</span>. 因为承受的压力更小，所以能够延长飞机的寿命， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span>. 并且能让起飞时更舒服一些。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="shuttle">shuttle</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="brake">brake</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lifted">lifted</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="reversing">reversing</span> <span word="thecurrent">thecurrent</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="motor">motor</span>. 飞机一旦起飞，通过反转电动机中的电流，发射装置能够快速制动，然后返回原位准备下一次发射。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="context">context</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>, <span word="be">be</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="civilaviationone">civilaviationone</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="nobody">nobody</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="equipping">equipping</span> <span word="airports">airports</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="steam">steam</span> <span word="catapults">catapults</span>. 当然，在军事中使用的技术不一定适合民用航空，这也是为什么没人会考虑在机场配备蒸汽弹射器的一个原因。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smooth">smooth</span> <span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="linear">linear</span> <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="take">take</span>-<span word="off">off</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span>2.5<span word="g">g</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="airliner">airliner</span> <span word="dashing">dashing</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="runway">runway</span>. 但是线性电动机的平缓运行意味着起飞的力会在2.5倍重力加速度之内，与一架现代的客机沿着跑道加速时的感觉一样。 <span word="Passengers">Passengers</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="subjected">subjected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Top">Top</span> <span word="Gun">Gun</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="acceleration">acceleration</span>. 乘客们不需要去承受《壮志凌云》那种级别的加速度。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="linear">linear</span> <span word="motors">motors</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="landings">landings</span>, <span word="too">too</span>. 将线性电动机用于着陆也是有可能的。 <span word="Carrier">Carrier</span>-<span word="style">style</span> <span word="arrester">arrester</span> <span word="wires">wires</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="comfortablefor">comfortablefor</span> <span word="passengers">passengers</span>. 航母式的拦截索会是飞机产生很多损伤，而且乘客也不会舒服。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="incoming">incoming</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="landed">landed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="platform">platform</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="linear">linear</span> <span word="motor">motor</span>, <span word="thecurrent">thecurrent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reversed">reversed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="down">down</span>. 但如果一架准备降落的飞机在一个装有线性电动机的移动平台上着陆，电动机中的电流会反转，使飞机减速。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="planes">planes</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="gear">gear</span>, <span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="weight">weight</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="MrAnderson">MrAnderson</span> <span word="didn">didn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 这或许意味着飞机没有起落架也行，能让飞机再轻一些。 <span word="Fireball">Fireball</span> <span word="XL">XL</span>5 <span word="landed">landed</span> <span word="vertically">vertically</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="retro">retro</span>-<span word="rockets">rockets</span>. 安德森先生都没有想到这种方法，雷霆机是靠制动火箭垂直着陆的。 词语解释 1.<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> 而不，与其倒不如 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="propaganda">propaganda</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="documentary">documentary</span>. 说他的影片是政治宣传而不是纪录片。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="explorer">explorer</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sailor">sailor</span>. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 2.<span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> 较喜欢，宁愿 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="holidays">holidays</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="continental">continental</span> <span word="europe">europe</span>. 另外，如果可以选择的话，我宁愿把度假地选在欧洲大陆。 <span word="Brazilians">Brazilians</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="deal">deal</span>. 巴西人则可能更喜欢把重点放在最近的一宗商业交易上。 3.<span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span> 脱掉;起飞 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span>. 这也让乘客在起飞时更感舒适。 <span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="coat">coat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="socks">socks</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="enables">enables</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dump">dump</span> <span word="redundant">redundant</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span>. 脱掉外衣和鞋袜，就甩掉了多余的顾虑。 4.<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> 根据，按照 <span word="Again">Again</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="declassified">declassified</span> <span word="information">information</span>. 这也还是根据最近解密的信息得知的。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>. 这个妥协方案并没有按计划执行。</p>
页:
[1]