健康指标
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="indicators">indicators</span> 健康指标 <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="it">it</span> 从表面判断 <span word="More">More</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="symmetrical">symmetrical</span> <span word="featuresindicate">featuresindicate</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="health">health</span> 更多证据表明对称容貌显示身体健康 <span word="BEAUTY">BEAUTY</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beholder">beholder</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="symmetricalface">symmetricalface</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="help">help</span>. 情人眼里出西施，但对称的容貌通常有助于美感。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="asymmetry">asymmetry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="withmalignance">withmalignance</span>. 相反，非对称通常与丑恶相联。 <span word="Biologists">Biologists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="speculated">speculated</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span>. 生物学家长期思考为什么会出现这种情况。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>: <span word="unfit">unfit</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="fitterfolk">fitterfolk</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="symmetrical">symmetrical</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="tostress">tostress</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. 就理论上而言，进化论就是其逻辑答案。在面临压力与疾病时，非健康者可能不如健康者能保持自身的对称发展。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="symmetrical">symmetrical</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="deviationfrom">deviationfrom</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span> <span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="intended">intended</span>. 换句话说，身体的许多部位本是对称的，那么，从完美对称变为非对称表明身体已不可能按正常发展。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unlikely">unlikely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mix">mix</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="genes">genes</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unfit">unfit</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="diseased">diseased</span> <span word="partner">partner</span>,<span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="selects">selects</span> <span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="trait">trait</span>. 由于健康者不大可能愿意其基因与非健康/患病者的相结合，进化论便选择对称作为一个有吸引力的特征。 <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="asymmetry">asymmetry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fitness">fitness</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="toprove">toprove</span>. 很难证明非对称者是否与非健康或健康真正相关联。 <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="ethical">ethical</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="hackles">hackles</span>. 关于人类这个问题的研究导致种簇问题，造成愤怒。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="macaque">macaque</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="hints">hints</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="connection">connection</span>. 现在，以猕猴为例的一项新的研究表明他们的确有关联。 <span word="Previous">Previous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="macaques">macaques</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="gaze">gaze</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="atsymmetrical">atsymmetrical</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="asymmetric">asymmetric</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="interpreted">interpreted</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="themonkeys">themonkeys</span> <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span>. 先前有关猕猴的研究实验表明，相比非对称性猕猴，猕猴愿意花更多长凝视拥有对称性容貌的猕猴，这可能理解为猕猴发现那些具有对称性容貌的具有更多吸引力。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="apreference">apreference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 研究结果使得研究者相信猕猴与人类一样偏爱对称性容貌者。 <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="connection">connection</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="made">made</span>. 然而，健康与对称性的关联还未得到确切的证明。 <span word="Fascinated">Fascinated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="question">question</span>, <span word="Anthony">Anthony</span> <span word="Little">Little</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Stirling">Stirling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Scotland">Scotland</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="AnnikaPaukner">AnnikaPaukner</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Institutes">Institutes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="with">with</span> 93<span word="female">female</span> <span word="macaque">macaque</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span>. 受这个问题的困扰，苏格兰斯特林大学的安东尼.里特与美国国立卫生研究院的安妮卡.波克恩一起对93只猕猴进行一项新的研究。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="ofcaptivity">ofcaptivity</span>. 这些猕猴来自三个不同群组，受到不同程度的圈养。 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span>, <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ages">ages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="and">and</span> 20, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="photographed">photographed</span>, <span word="face">face</span> <span word="forward">forward</span>. 所有这些猕猴年龄都在5岁-20岁，他们面朝前面一起接受拍照。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Little">Little</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="analysed">analysed</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="thedistance">thedistance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="features">features</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="edges">edges</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nostrils">nostrils</span>, <span word="lips">lips</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="drawndown">drawndown</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="face">face</span>. 一条中间直线划分猕狒面部，里特博士和他的同事使用电脑测量不同器官的两边距离，包括鼻孔，嘴唇，眼睛。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="distances">distances</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="anoverall">anoverall</span> <span word="asymmetry">asymmetry</span> <span word="score">score</span>. 然后，对这些测量的距离进行对比，把所有的差距汇总，就成了非对称数据。 <span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="perfectly">perfectly</span> <span word="symmetrical">symmetrical</span> <span word="face">face</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span>, <span word="lips">lips</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="nostrils">nostrils</span> <span word="exactly">exactly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="distancefrom">distancefrom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="line">line</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="score">score</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="zero">zero</span>. 因此，非常完美的对称面貌，眼睛，嘴唇以及鼻子两边离中间线的距离是相同的，因而总对称分数为0。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="asymmetric">asymmetric</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="score">score</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sum">sum</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="distance">distance</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="betweenfeatures">betweenfeatures</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span>. 他们记录下非常不对称的猕猴脸部器官的差距和。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="overall">overall</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="oflife">oflife</span>. 前四年这个团队关注这些猕猴的总体健康。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="veterinary">veterinary</span> <span word="records">records</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. 他们对兽医记录的以及健康问题的证据进行对比。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="minor">minor</span> <span word="wounds">wounds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="noted">noted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="staff">staff</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="heal">heal</span> <span word="ontheir">ontheir</span> <span word="own">own</span>; <span word="major">major</span> <span word="wounds">wounds</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="bites">bites</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="stitches">stitches</span>; <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="subcutaneous">subcutaneous</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="andmuscle">andmuscle</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="coat">coat</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="weight">weight</span> <span word="gain">gain</span>. 研究人员关注那些工作人员之前注意到却任其自愈的小伤口;诸如咬伤之类需要缝合的大伤口;因咬而需缝线的大伤口;皮下脂肪厚度，肌肉的强壮;表皮质量以及体重增加。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="compiled">compiled</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="scores">scores</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="reflecting">reflecting</span> <span word="wounds">wounds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="reflectingthe">reflectingthe</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="asymmetry">asymmetry</span> <span word="scores">scores</span>. 这些健康因素分成两组分数，一组反映伤口情况，另一组反应猕猴总体身体状况，这些与不对称性数据进行比较。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Little">Little</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Behavioural">Behavioural</span> <span word="Ecology">Ecology</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sociobiology">Sociobiology</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="whereaswounds">whereaswounds</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="asymmetry">asymmetry</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="condition">condition</span> <span word="scores">scores</span> <span word="declined">declined</span> <span word="sotoo">sotoo</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="facial">facial</span>-<span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="results">results</span>. 里特博士和他同事在《行为生态学和社会生物学》杂志上报道：虽然伤口与不对称性无任何关系，但猴子身体状况越差，它们的脸部就越不对称。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="connection">connection</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="macaque">macaque</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="looklonger">looklonger</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="symmetrical">symmetrical</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="uneven">uneven</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. 这些研究员认为，这一健康关联是因为猕猴对着对称面貌比不对称面貌时间长。 <span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="symmetry">symmetry</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="indicator">indicator</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="amongmacaques">amongmacaques</span>. 因此，面貌对称性真正能呈现身体健康指标，至少猕猴是这样。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="too">too</span>. 因此，适用于猕狒的这一原理可能也适用于人。 词语解释 1.<span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="with">with</span> 联合,联系 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="date">date</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="typelibrary">typelibrary</span>. 与该类型库相关联的日期和时间。 <span word="Create">Create</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="container">container</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="designer">designer</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="toassociate">toassociate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="custom">custom</span> <span word="control">control</span>. 创建容器控件设计器类，并将其与自定义控件关联。 2.<span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> 能;会 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 他现在甚至能建一所自己的房子。 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="fortunate">fortunate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="love">love</span>! 能爱别人是多么幸运的一件事! 3.<span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="with">with</span> 行为 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="disgust">disgust</span>. 厌恶地看待你的行为。 <span word="Defense">Defense</span> <span word="lawyers">lawyers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="injuries">injuries</span>, <span word="her">her</span> <span word="recollection">recollection</span> <span word="ofevents">ofevents</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="veracity">veracity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="story">story</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="thecase">thecase</span> <span word="proceeds">proceeds</span>. 辩方律师可能会挑战她受伤的类型、她对事件的回忆、她所讲的过去生活的真实成分、如果这个案件继续下去，还有她与其他男性的交往。 4.<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> 导致,引起 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. 这会导致严重的后果。 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="ideologies">ideologies</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="repression">repression</span>. 所有这些思想最终都导致镇压。</p>
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