空中旅行
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Air">Air</span> <span word="travel">travel</span> 空中旅行 <span word="Preparing">Preparing</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="take">take</span>-<span word="off">off</span> 起飞准备 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span>, <span word="cleaner">cleaner</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="therunway">therunway</span> 一种更便宜更清洁的飞机跑道滑行方式 <span word="ENGINES">ENGINES</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="airliners">airliners</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="flight">flight</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="operating">operating</span> <span word="onthe">onthe</span> <span word="ground">ground</span>. 飞机上的发动机在飞行过程中效率是很高的，但是在地面上的时候却不是这样。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="taxiing">taxiing</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="power">power</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="engines">engines</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="amounts">amounts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span>. 飞机依靠自身动力滑行时，发动机燃烧掉大量的燃料。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Boeing">Boeing</span> 747 <span word="can">can</span> <span word="consume">consume</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tonne">tonne</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="emit">emit</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="tonnes">tonnes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="carbon">carbon</span> <span word="dioxide">dioxide</span> <span word="duringan">duringan</span> <span word="average">average</span> 17-<span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span>-<span word="off">off</span>. 一架波音747起飞一般需要滑行17分钟，要消耗1吨燃料并且释放出几吨二氧化碳。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="lands">lands</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passenger">passenger</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>. 飞机着陆时，也要滑行很长一段才能到达乘客出口。 <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="variousmethods">variousmethods</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="propulsion">propulsion</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="movingaround">movingaround</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="airport">airport</span>. 这就是为什么要研究不同的方法让飞机在机场运行时使用其他的动力方式。 <span word="Towing">Towing</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tug">tug</span>, <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="pushed">pushed</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 用飞机拖拉车牵引就是一种办法，类似于发动机的推力。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="constantly">constantly</span> <span word="pulling">pulling</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="gear">gear</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. 但是经常拉拽前起落架可能会导致机械故障。 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="pilots">pilots</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thetaxiway">thetaxiway</span>. 许多驾驶员在飞机滑行的时候也喜欢自己来控制操作。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="addresses">addresses</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="semi">semi</span>-<span word="robotic">robotic</span> <span word="tug">tug</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="TaxiBot">TaxiBot</span>, <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="byIsrael">byIsrael</span> <span word="Aerospace">Aerospace</span> <span word="Industries">Industries</span>. 能同时解决这两方面问题的一种方法是一种半机器人化的牵引车:牵引机器人。 <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tow">tow</span> <span word="bar">bar</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="nose">nose</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>, <span word="TaxiBot">TaxiBot</span> <span word="employs">employs</span> <span word="amechanism">amechanism</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="automatically">automatically</span> <span word="scoops">scoops</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rotating">rotating</span> <span word="turret">turret</span>. 它是由以色列航空工业公司研发的。牵引机器人运用一种机械装置可以自动托起飞机前起落架与旋转塔台连接。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="TaxiBot">TaxiBot</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="avoids">avoids</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> <span word="links">links</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="connect">connect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cockpit">cockpit</span>, <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="stillgives">stillgives</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pilots">pilots</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="control">control</span>. 牵引机器人连接驾驶舱也不需任何复杂的元件，驾驶员却可以控制操作。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="accelerating">accelerating</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="taxiway">taxiway</span>, <span word="using">using</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="inbuilt">inbuilt</span> <span word="GPS">GPS</span> <span word="mapsystem">mapsystem</span>. 牵引机器人利用内置的<span word="GPS">GPS</span>地图系统给跑道速度控制装置加速即可。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="pilots">pilots</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="controls">controls</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="steer">steer</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nose">nose</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="brake">brake</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="themain">themain</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="gear">gear</span>. 驾驶员用通常的控制器完成头部机轮的控制和主起落架的制动。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="driver">driver</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="TaxiBot">TaxiBot</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="drives">drives</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="theaircraft">theaircraft</span>. 牵引机器人里也有一位司机，负责将其开到地方和驶离。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aviation">aviation</span> <span word="fuela">fuela</span> <span word="tonne">tonne</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> $1,000<span word="the">the</span> <span word="savings">savings</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="abusy">abusy</span> <span word="airport">airport</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="large">large</span>. 航空燃料的价格很高，一吨价值1000多美元，一个业务繁忙的机场因此可以节省大批资金。 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="airports">airports</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passenger">passenger</span> <span word="gates">gates</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="runway">runway</span>. 一些机场登机门和跑道之间相距好几英里。 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="told">told</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="airlines">airlines</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> $7 <span word="billion">billion</span>-8 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="taxiing">taxiing</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="passenger">passenger</span> <span word="gatesand">gatesand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="runway">runway</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Yehoshua">Yehoshua</span> <span word="Eldar">Eldar</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="IAI">IAI</span>. 以色列航空工业公司业务发展部负责人约书亚.埃尔达说：全世界的机场每年在跑道和登机门之间滑行上的花费合计达70-80亿美元。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="TaxiBot">TaxiBot</span>, <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="just">just</span> 20-30 <span word="litres">litres</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="trip">trip</span>. 可是牵引机器人一次标准的旅行却仅用20-30升燃料。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="reduces">reduces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="debris">debris</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="ingested">ingested</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="engines">engines</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="damage">damage</span>. 而且牵引机器人还可以降低飞机发动机吸入碎片造成破坏的风险。 <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</span> <span word="Airport">Airport</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="May">May</span> 2013. 德国汉莎航空公司将从2013年5月开始试行这个系统。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="airliners">airliners</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="driven">driven</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="runway">runway</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="power">power</span>. 将来飞机可能会利用电力在跑道上滑行。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="Aerospace">Aerospace</span> <span word="Centre">Centre</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="powertwo">powertwo</span> <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="motors">motors</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hub">hub</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="nose">nose</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>. 德国宇航中心已经就此进行了实验：在一架飞机上用燃料电池给装在飞机头部机轮轮毂里的两台电动机提供动力。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="reckons">reckons</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> 19% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="airport">airport</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="asystem">asystem</span>. 该中心测算出应用这一系统最多可以减少19%的飞机排放物。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="please">please</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="neighbours">neighbours</span>: <span word="there">there</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="noise">noise</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="taxiing">taxiing</span>. 而且机场周围的邻居也会高兴：飞机滑行过程中几乎没有任何噪音。 词语解释 1.<span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> 相似,相同 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="figure">figure</span> 2. 你应该会看到类似图2的内容。 <span word="Try">Try</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="visualize">visualize</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="lightsimilar">lightsimilar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sunlight">sunlight</span>. 试着想象这一能源，把它当做一种明亮如阳光一样的白光。 2.<span word="push">push</span> <span word="back">back</span> 使撤退，使回到原处 <span word="America">America</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="strategists">strategists</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="push">push</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2011. 美国的战略家们会在2011年进行反击。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="push">push</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="to">to</span> 27 <span word="may">may</span>? 我能不能把我们的会议推迟到5月27日? 3.<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> 导致,引起 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. 这会导致严重的后果。 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="ideologies">ideologies</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="repression">repression</span>. 所有这些思想最终都导致镇压。 4.<span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> 更喜欢 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="holidays">holidays</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="continental">continental</span> <span word="europe">europe</span>. 另外，如果可以选择的话，我宁愿把度假地选在欧洲大陆。 <span word="Brazilians">Brazilians</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="deal">deal</span>. 巴西人则可能更喜欢把重点放在最近的一宗商业交易上。</p>
页:
[1]