信用卡偷蒙拐骗
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Credit">Credit</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> 信用卡 <span word="Skimming">Skimming</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> 偷蒙拐骗 <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="payment">payment</span>-<span word="cardfraud">cardfraud</span>. 美国支付卡诈骗频发原因何在 <span word="AMERICA">AMERICA</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="categories">categories</span>: <span word="shale">shale</span>-<span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="production">production</span>, <span word="defence">defence</span> <span word="spending">spending</span>,<span word="incarceration">incarceration</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="alas">alas</span>, <span word="payment">payment</span>-<span word="card">card</span> <span word="fraud">fraud</span>. 美国在很多方面都引领世界：页岩气生产，国防开销，监禁率以及，啧啧啧，支付卡诈骗。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="December">December</span> <span word="Target">Target</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="retailer">retailer</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="hackers">hackers</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="breached">breached</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="network">network</span> <span word="andstolen">andstolen</span> <span word="payment">payment</span>-<span word="card">card</span> <span word="details">details</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="about">about</span> 40<span word="m">m</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="customers">customers</span>. 去年12月份，美国零售商塔吉特公司表示，黑客入侵了其网络系统并窃取了约四千万名顾客的支付卡信息。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Target">Target</span> <span word="breach">breach</span>, <span word="roughly">roughly</span> 152<span word="m">m</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="informationstolen">informationstolen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hack">hack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Adobe">Adobe</span> <span word="Systems">Systems</span>. 在塔吉特入侵事件发生几个月之前，一次对<span word="Adobe">Adobe</span>系统的黑客入侵使得大约1亿5200万顾客的信息被盗。 <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="Neiman">Neiman</span>-<span word="Marcus">Marcus</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="store">store</span>, <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="breach">breach</span>. 尼曼百货商店也于上月报道了类似的入侵事件。 <span word="For">For</span> <span word="crooks">crooks</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="pickings">pickings</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="data">data</span>. 对不法分子来说，这些数据有很大的利用价值。 <span word="Total">Total</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="payment">payment</span>-<span word="card">card</span> <span word="fraud">fraud</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="were">were</span> 11.3 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2012, <span word="up">up</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 15% <span word="from">from</span> <span word="theprior">theprior</span> <span word="year">year</span>. 2012年，全球因支付卡诈骗造成的损失达到113亿美元，比前一年增长了15%。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Statesthe">Statesthe</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="counterfeit">counterfeit</span>-<span word="card">card</span> <span word="fraud">fraud</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="consistentlygrowingaccounted">consistentlygrowingaccounted</span> <span word="for">for</span> 47% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="amount">amount</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Nilson">Nilson</span> <span word="Report">Report</span>: <span word="card">card</span> <span word="issuers">issuers</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>3.4 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="merchants">merchants</span> <span word="another">another</span> 1.9 <span word="billion">billion</span>. 美国作为全球唯一一个伪造卡诈骗不断增加的国家，占到了其中的47%：根据尼尔森报告，持卡人的损失为34亿美元，而商户们则是19亿美元。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2012 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Aite">Aite</span> <span word="Group">Group</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ACI">ACI</span> <span word="Worldwide">Worldwide</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="apayment">apayment</span>-<span word="software">software</span> <span word="firm">firm</span> <span word="respectively">respectively</span>, <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> 42% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="experienced">experienced</span> <span word="someform">someform</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="payment">payment</span>-<span word="card">card</span> <span word="fraud">fraud</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="preceding">preceding</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span>. 研究公司<span word="Aite">Aite</span> <span word="Group">Group</span>和支付软件公司<span word="ACI">ACI</span> <span word="Worldwide">Worldwide</span>发布于2012年的一项调查结果显示，42%的美国人在调查之前的5年中都遇到过支付卡诈骗。 <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="affected">affected</span>: <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="thethieves">thethieves</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="waltzing">waltzing</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="stores">stores</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="purchases">purchases</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="ersatz">ersatz</span> <span word="cards">cards</span>. 当然受害的不仅仅是美国人：支付卡信息被盗取的外国顾客也经常发现不法分子轻而易举地就能在商店里用仿制的支付卡进行购买。 <span word="Europeans">Europeans</span> <span word="rack">rack</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="country">country</span>. 欧洲顾客在美因此类手段而遭受的损失要超过在其他地区。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="part">part</span>, <span word="fraudsters">fraudsters</span> <span word="target">target</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="are">are</span>. 诈骗犯瞄准美国的一个原因是，大部分的支付卡都在这里。 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2013 <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> 1.2 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="debit">debit</span>, <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pre">pre</span>-<span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="circulation">circulation</span> <span word="inAmericamore">inAmericamore</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="region">region</span>. 在2013年底，在美国流通的借记卡、信用卡和预付卡总数为12亿超过任何其他地区。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="adult">adult</span>. 平均每个成年人拥有近5张支付卡。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fraudsters">fraudsters</span>: <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="stillrelies">stillrelies</span> <span word="exclusively">exclusively</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="magnetic">magnetic</span> <span word="strips">strips</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="secure">secure</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="thechip">thechip</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="PIN">PIN</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span>. 同时美国也让诈骗犯们更易得手：它是发达国家中唯一依然只使用卡片磁条作为安全手段的。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="combines">combines</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="microchip">microchip</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="extract">extract</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="thana">thana</span> <span word="magnetic">magnetic</span> <span word="strip">strip</span>. 相比其他地区使用的芯片密码技术，这要不安全得多。芯片密码技术将个人密码存储在微芯片中，从中提取出信息要比从磁条中提取困难得多。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2012, 45% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="payment">payment</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="and">and</span> 76% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="terminals">terminals</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="usechip">usechip</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="PIN">PIN</span>. 截至2012年，全世界45%的支付卡和76%的支付终端装备了使用芯片密码的设备。 <span word="By">By</span> 2011 <span word="this">this</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="fraud">fraud</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lowest">lowest</span> <span word="levelin">levelin</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>. 这项技术在2011年为英国将各种形式的支付卡诈骗降低到了20年中的最低水平。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="chipped">chipped</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="skimmingstealing">skimmingstealing</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="fromcredit">fromcredit</span> <span word="cardsfrom">cardsfrom</span> <span word="C">C</span>142<span word="m">m</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2009 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="C">C</span>38.5<span word="m">m</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2012. 而在加拿大，芯片卡的普及也使盗取信用卡信息引起的损失从2009年的1亿4200万加元减少到了2012年的3850万加元。 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Senate">Senate</span> <span word="hearings">hearings</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="month">month</span>, <span word="Target">Target</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="CFO">CFO</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> 100<span word="m">m</span> <span word="toroll">toroll</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="chip">chip</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="PIN">PIN</span> <span word="store">store</span>-<span word="issued">issued</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="payment">payment</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 本月早些时候，在一系列参议院听证会上，塔吉特的财务总监表示该公司会斥资1亿美元推行采用芯片密码的商店发行信用卡以及相应的支付设备。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span> <span word="advocate">advocate</span> <span word="urged">urged</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="issuers">issuers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>. 消费者呼吁其他支付卡发行商也采取类似措施。 <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="issuers">issuers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="merchants">merchants</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span> 8 <span word="billion">billion</span>, <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="lastappears">lastappears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="growing">growing</span>. 虽然这样做会给发行商与商户们增加高达80亿美元的开销，但长期利益将不断显现。 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="recoverable">recoverable</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="fraud">fraud</span> <span word="losses">losses</span>. 这些花费中的大部分会通过降低诈骗导致的损失而得到补偿。 <span word="Chip">Chip</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="PIN">PIN</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="harmonise">harmonise</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="standards">standards</span>, <span word="making">making</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="forAmericans">forAmericans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="theirs">theirs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>. 芯片密码技术还会统一美国和全球标准，利于美国民众在境外以及国外顾客在美国境内刷卡消费。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="payments">payments</span> <span word="easier">easier</span>. 这将使移动支付更为便利。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="regulations">regulations</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="banks">banks</span> <span word="makefrom">makefrom</span> <span word="interchange">interchange</span> <span word="fees">fees</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="debit">debit</span> <span word="cards">cards</span>, <span word="issuers">issuers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="trim">trim</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span>. 由于银行业中新出台的法规使得银行借记卡交换费的收入减少，支付卡发行方们正想方设法削减开支， <span word="Fraud">Fraud</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="manageable">manageable</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="did">did</span>. 而诈骗引起的损失看来没有往日那样容易控制了。 词语解释 1.<span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> 导致，引起 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="affairs">affairs</span>? 如今女性在婚外情中所占比例是不是更大? <span word="Philosophers">Philosophers</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="wondered">wondered</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="foressences">foressences</span>. 长期以来，哲学家们困惑于如何说明这些本质。 2.<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> 根据，按照 <span word="Again">Again</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="declassified">declassified</span> <span word="information">information</span>. 这也还是根据最近解密的信息得知的。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>. 这个妥协方案并没有按计划执行。 3.<span word="rack">rack</span> <span word="up">up</span> 在比赛中获胜 <span word="Adding">Adding</span> <span word="soy">soy</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="rack">rack</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="protein">protein</span>. 增加大豆也能帮助你获得蛋白质。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="online">online</span> <span word="bill">bill</span>-<span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="service">service</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="canrack">canrack</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="mileage">mileage</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span>. 我们使用一项网络付账服务，用信用卡买几乎每件东西，因此我们可以累积里程奖励。 4.<span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="n">n</span>.信用卡 <span word="Review">Review</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="bank">bank</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="regularly">regularly</span>. 周期性检查银行和信用卡信息。 <span word="Well">Well</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="split">split</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="card">card</span>. 那你可以用几张卡里剩下的一起算。</p>
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