韩国住房市场
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="market">market</span> 韩国住房市场 <span word="Lumping">Lumping</span> <span word="it">it</span> 多轨并行 <span word="Landlords">Landlords</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ditch">ditch</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="rentalsystem">rentalsystem</span> 房东们正不得不抛弃持续了一个世纪的租房系统 <span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hazy">hazy</span> <span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>的租房方式看不到未来 <span word="MOST">MOST</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Korean">Korean</span> <span word="urbanites">urbanites</span> <span word="wouldleap">wouldleap</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="with">with</span> $150,000 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rent">rent</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smallish">smallish</span> <span word="flat">flat</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Seoul">Seoul</span>, <span word="thecapital">thecapital</span>. 大多数韩国城市居民可能利用这一机会放弃在其首都首尔以150,000美元的价格租住一间小型公寓三年。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="days">days</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="Korean">Korean</span> <span word="landlords">landlords</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="spurn">spurn</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="measly">measly</span> <span word="deposit">deposit</span>. 然而，近日大多数韩国的房东可能摒弃这一少得可怜的保证金。 <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="unusual">unusual</span> <span word="rental">rental</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span>, <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="involve">involve</span> <span word="monthly">monthly</span> <span word="rentalpayments">rentalpayments</span>. 韩国特殊的租房系统，被称为<span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>，并不支持付月租。 <span word="Instead">Instead</span>, <span word="tenants">tenants</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="landlords">landlords</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deposit">deposit</span>, <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="theproperty">theproperty</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="value">value</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="invest">invest</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="duration">duration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lease">lease</span>. 相反，房客向房东提供一笔保证金，保证金的数额一般在房产价值的四分之一到一半，让他们在租期进行投资。 <span word="Property">Property</span> <span word="owners">owners</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="returns">returns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="repay">repay</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lump">lump</span> <span word="sum">sum</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tenancy">tenancy</span>. 房产所有者保存收益并在租期结束后，退还总额。 <span word="Average">Average</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="risen">risen</span> <span word="for">for</span> 76 <span word="consecutive">consecutive</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="longest">longest</span> <span word="streak">streak</span> <span word="ever">ever</span>. 韩国平均保证金现在已经连续上升了76周，这是有史以来历时最长的增长。 <span word="Thousands">Thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="leases">leases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="as">as</span> 90% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>;<span word="they">they</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="exceed">exceed</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="property">property</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="fallen">fallen</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="leases">leases</span> <span word="wereagreed">wereagreed</span>. 在首都成千上万的<span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span> 租约价值现在高达房屋价值的90%，在有些房价下降的地区，他们有时候超过这个比例，因为租约在过去已经达成。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="prized">prized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="tenants">tenants</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="landlords">landlords</span>. <span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>体系曾广受租客和房东的赞誉。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1960<span word="s">s</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="urbanisation">urbanisation</span> <span word="drew">drew</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="thriving">thriving</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="boosting">boosting</span> <span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="forhomes">forhomes</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="mobilised">mobilised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="state">state</span>-<span word="led">led</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="development">development</span>. 在1960年，高速的城市化促使农民前往新兴城市，对房屋的需求在资本因为政府主导的工业发展而被调动起来时呈现爆炸性的增长。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="property">property</span> <span word="unproductive">unproductive</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="restricted">restricted</span> <span word="banks">banks</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="lending">lending</span> <span word="todevelopers">todevelopers</span>, <span word="homeowners">homeowners</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tenants">tenants</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Son">Son</span> <span word="Jae">Jae</span>-<span word="young">young</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="estate">estate</span> <span word="atKonkuk">atKonkuk</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Seoul">Seoul</span>. 首尔建国大学不动产方面的<span word="Son">Son</span> <span word="Jae">Jae</span>-<span word="young">young</span>教授这样说道：政府认为房产对于生产力发展增益不大，因此限制银行向开发商、房屋所有人和租客贷款。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="emerged">emerged</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="help">help</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span>. <span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span> 体系因此衍生为一个自助融资机制。 <span word="Tenants">Tenants</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="financed">financed</span> <span word="landlords">landlords</span> <span word="properties">properties</span>, <span word="interest">interest</span>-<span word="free">free</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="pushing">pushing</span> <span word="renters">renters</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="poolsavings">poolsavings</span>: <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="deposit">deposit</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="home">home</span>-<span word="purchase">purchase</span> <span word="fund">fund</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>,<span word="monthly">monthly</span> <span word="rental">rental</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="synonymous">synonymous</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span>. 租客的保证金增长了房东的财产，而且没有利息，同时促使租房者积蓄存款;随着时间的发展，这些保证金会成为他们自己的购房基金。在过去的几十年时间里，付月租是贫穷的代名词。 <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="property">property</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="sunk">sunk</span> <span word="since">since</span> 2008. 然而利率以及房价自从2008年开始已经下降。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decent">decent</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="investments">investments</span>, <span word="landlords">landlords</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="raising">raising</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>. 为了赢取一个可观的投资回报，房主一直在提高 <span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>的价格。 <span word="Tenants">Tenants</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="tended">tended</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hike">hike</span>. 房客趋向于用低息贷款来支付不断攀高的价格。 <span word="Since">Since</span> 2009 <span word="such">such</span> <span word="borrowing">borrowing</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span>, <span word="from">from</span> 33.5 <span word="trillion">trillion</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="to">to</span> 60 <span word="trillion">trillion</span> <span word="won">won</span>,<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bank">Bank</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="bank">bank</span>. 根据韩国中央银行韩国银行的统计，自2009年以来，这样的借款几乎加倍，从33.5万亿韩元增长到了60万亿韩元。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="undermines">undermines</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="advantages">advantages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="unusual">unusual</span> <span word="system">system</span>. 该举削弱了这个独特系统的一个主要优势。 <span word="Previously">Previously</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="tenants">tenants</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="helped">helped</span> <span word="shelter">shelter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Koreanproperty">Koreanproperty</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="bubbles">bubbles</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="restraining">restraining</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="increases">increases</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="busts">busts</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="providingbuyers">providingbuyers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> <span word="pots">pots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cash">cash</span>. 之前租客累积的大额现金保证金通过限制价格上涨避免韩国房产市场的泡沫并通过为卖方提供大量准备的现金防止破产。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="helped">helped</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="risky">risky</span> <span word="mortgages">mortgages</span>. 它也有助于保护银行系统，免受高风险抵押贷款的威胁。 <span word="Long">Long</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="shousehold">shousehold</span> <span word="debt">debt</span> <span word="statistics">statistics</span>, <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="calculations">calculations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="loan">loan</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="value">value</span> <span word="ratios">ratios</span>. 因为长期以来被认为是个体间的交易，这项保证金既不被纳入韩国家庭债务统计，也不被用于计算平均住房担保贷款率中。 <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="bank">bank</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> 2009. 中央银行有关<span word="jeonse">jeonse</span>贷款的数据只能追溯到2009年。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="Sun">Sun</span> <span word="Dae">Dae</span>-<span word="in">in</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="market">market</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="depositsheld">depositsheld</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="landlords">landlords</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="debts">debts</span>. 但是，近期出版的有关韩国住房市场一书的作者<span word="Sun">Sun</span> <span word="Dae">Dae</span>-<span word="in">in</span> 这样说道：被房东持有的保证金必须被视作为债务。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="estimates">estimates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finance">finance</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="thirdproperty">thirdproperty</span>. 他估计大约一半的<span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>被用作购进第二或第三处房产。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="loans">loans</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="LTV">LTV</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="jump">jump</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="under">under</span> 50% <span word="to">to</span> <span word="over">over</span>75%. 如果增加到住房贷款，平均住房担保贷款 比率会从低于50%的水平攀升至超过75%。 <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="November">November</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bank">Bank</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tenth">tenth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span> <span word="s">s</span> 3.7<span word="m">m</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="landlordsmay">landlordsmay</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="repay">repay</span> <span word="tenants">tenants</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span>. 上个十一月份，韩国银行估计370万 <span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>房东的十分之一或许会发现支付租客的保证金有困难。 <span word="Already">Already</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="landlords">landlords</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="choosing">choosing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rent">rent</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="properties">properties</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="monthly">monthly</span> <span word="fee">fee</span>: 40% <span word="did">did</span> <span word="solast">solast</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="up">up</span> <span word="from">from</span> 34% <span word="in">in</span> 2012. 已经有越来越多的房东选择按月费的方式来出租他们的房产。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="homeowners">homeowners</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="ditch">ditch</span> <span word="jeonse">jeonse</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span>: <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="usingits">usingits</span> <span word="hefty">hefty</span> <span word="sums">sums</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mortgage">mortgage</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rented">rented</span> <span word="property">property</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bank">Bank</span> <span word="ofKorea">ofKorea</span>. 但是一些房屋所有者不愿意完全放弃<span word="Jeonse">Jeonse</span>：根据韩国银行的数据，超过四分之一的人正通过其庞大的总量来偿还抵押他们已经出租的房产的贷款。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="tenants">tenants</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="option">option</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="substitute">substitute</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="monthly">monthly</span> <span word="payment">payment</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thedeposit">thedeposit</span>. 他们通常提供租客用月付方式来替代保证金的增长的选择。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="hybrid">hybrid</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="still">still</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="root">root</span>. 一个依然有着韩国特色的混合系统正在生根发芽。 词语解释 1.<span word="invest">invest</span> <span word="for">for</span> 投资 <span word="Invest">Invest</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="loyal">loyal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>. 投资将来的人是忠于现实的人。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="happens">happens</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="mymoney">mymoney</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="invest">invest</span> <span word="forretirement">forretirement</span>? 如果某一年我选择用我的钱买辆车而不是为退休投资，那么会发生什么呢? 2.<span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> 在结尾 <span word="Reparation">Reparation</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span>. 赔偿通常是在一场冲突结束后开始的。 <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="winnings">winnings</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span>. 参与者可以保留他们的奖金在实验结束后。 3.<span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="to">to</span> 对感兴趣 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>; <span word="I">I</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="vibration">vibration</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="her">her</span>. 我被那女孩吸引住了，她使我产生良好的感觉。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>, <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>, <span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="morefuel">morefuel</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>. 但实际上，强劲的实际增长和高通胀却通过吸引外资，给过热经济火上浇油。 4.<span word="real">real</span> <span word="estate">estate</span> 不动产，土地;房地产 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="faltering">faltering</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="estate">estate</span> <span word="market">market</span>. 第二方面是房地产市场步履维艰。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="simpler">simpler</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="buying">buying</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="estate">estate</span>. 这比购买实物不动产简单多了。</p>
页:
[1]